Logical Fallacies

LogicalFallacies错误的推理EightTypesofFallacy：1.DictoSimpliciter绝对判断2.HastyGeneralization草率结论3.PostHoc牵强附会4.ContradictoryPremises矛盾前提5.AdMisericordiam文不对题6.FalseAnalogy错误类比7.Hypothesiscontrarytofact与事实相反的假设8.Poisoningthewell井下放毒1.DictoSimpliciter绝对判断Example:Winteriscold,soeveryoneshouldwearcoatstokeepwarm.Itmeansanargumentbasedonanunqualifiedgeneralization.即将普遍规则运用于有特殊情况发生的个别情形之中。No!2.HastyGeneralization草率结论Example:Icanswim,Jackcanswim,Annacanswim,soeveryoneinourclasscanswim.Itappliesaspecialcasetogeneralrule.由个别情形来推断普遍规则.No!3.PostHoc牵强附会Example:Mikeisstupid,sohecan'tbesuccessful.Thecausehasnoconnectionwiththeresult.原因和结果没有必然联系No!4.ContradictoryPremises矛盾前提Example:Anyonewhowantstolearntodrivemusthavealicense,butifyouwanttogetalicense,youshouldpassthedrivingtest.Whenthepremisesofanargumentcontradicteachother,therecanbenoargument.当论证的前提相互矛盾时，这立论便不能成立。No!5.AdMisericordiam文不对题Example:Wheredidyougolastnight?Iamveryhappytoday.Theanswerhasnoconnectionwiththequestion.答案和问题之间没有联系。No!6.FalseAnalogy错误类比Example:SincewehavemooncakesintheMoonFestival,whydon’twehavespringcakesintheSpringFestival?Makingananalogybetweendifferentthings.在不同类事物间进行对比。No!7.Hypothesiscontrarytofact与事实相反的假设Example:IfTVwerenotinvented,todaypeoplewouldneverhavesuchwonderfulentertainmentbroughtbyTV.Drawinganysupportableconclusionfromahyperthesisthatisnotture.从不真实的假设中得出结论。No!8.Poisoningthewell井下放毒Example:MrLiisaterribleteacher.Healwayswearsbluejeans.PoisoningtheWell,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.所给出的前提只是为了人身攻击而不是提供依据来证明他说的是错误的No!Thankyou!