introduction_Routing_Final

ByCWT1Agenda•ConnectingDevices•VLAN•IntroductionofTrunk•IntroductionofSpanningTree•Packetanalyzer(Ethereal)•Packetgenerator(Ixia)•SNMP(simplenetworkmanagementprotocol)•Reviewimportantpacketformat–Ethernet,IP,ARPandTCP/UDP•Routingconcept–ForwardingprocessByCWT2Hub•Hub(concentrator,repeater)–OSIPhysicallayer(layer1)–Halfduplexoperation–Allconnectedhubswithinasamecollision/broadcastdomain–Collisiondomain(Distancelimitation):•5-4-3rulefor10Mb•ClassIandClassIIfor100MbByCWT3Huboperation•Signalregeneration•Copytoallportsexcepttheportwhichreceivesthesignal•HalfduplexoperationHUBHUBHUBHUBHUBHUBHUBHUB•Collisiondomain100M10Mbstack100M10Mbstack100M10Mbstack100M10Mbstack100M10MbNetwork100MbNetworkHUBHUBHUBHUBHUBHUB100M100Mbstack100Mbstack100M100M100Mbstack100M5MClassIIHubClassIIHubClassIHubByCWT4CSMAMACprotocol•Hostwishingtotransmit:1.WaitforIdleChannel2.IfIdle,transmitandlistenwhiletransmitting3.Ifcollisionoccurs,stoptransmission,pickarandomdelay,andGOTO1.•Howtodetectcollision?–Ethernetuseonepaircopperwirefortransmitting,andonepairforreceiving.Duringtransmitting,itshouldnotreceivedataatthesametime.Ifitdo,collisionhashappen!•Halfmodeusethistechniquetobetheflowcontrolmechanism.•Fullduplexmodebreakthisrule.ByCWT5CSMAMACprotocol•RandomDelayChoice:TruncatedBinaryExponentialBack-off–Ifpackethascollidednsuccessivetimes,n15,chooserandomnumberKwithequalprob.from{0,1,2,3,…,2^m-1}form=min{10,n}(i.e.doesnotincrementrangeafter10thcollision)–WaitforKx512bittimes.–Givesupafter16triesandreporterror.ByCWT6Switch/bridgeoperatoin•Switch(bridge)–OSIData-linklayer(layer2)–EveryswitchportformacollisionDomain,butallconnectedswitcheswithinasamebroadcastdomain.–EstablishforwardingtablefromthesourceMACaddressofreceivedpacket.–Switchingknowndestinationportbaseonforwardingtable(a.k.afilteringdatabase),floodingunknowndestinationtoallportsexcepttheportwhichreceivingthepacket.–TransparentBridging•Thetransparentbridgingisoftenreferredtoasalearningbridge,anditprovidesnetworkconnectivitytoLANsthatemployidenticalprotocolsatthedatalinkandphysicallayers.–TranslationBridging•ThetranslationbridgeisusedtoconnectdifferentmediatypesuchastokenringnetworkandEthernetnetwork.ByCWT7Switch/bridgeoperatoin•Macaddresstable(forwardingtable)–Onlycontainunicastmacaddresstable–Atthebeginningit’sInitializedtodefault.–ManyfieldsIncludingport_id,mac_address,vlan,agingtimeandlearnedtype.•Defaultswitch/bridgeoperationas–Broadbastaddresswillbefloodingtoallports.–Unknownmac(notintable)willbefloodingtoallports.–Knownmacs(hasbeenlearnedintable)willbeforwardtoonlylearnedports.ByCWT8Switch/bridgeoperatoinAddressportID00000000000a100000000000b100000000000c8AB00000000000a00000000000bC00000000000cHUB1.AsentdatatoB(firsttime):Switchport1receivetheframeextractthesource/destinationMACaddress(PCA)andputsourceaddressintoforwardingtable,checktheforwardingtableforBandfloodingthepackettoallotherports.2.BreplytoA:Switchport1receivetheframeextractthesource/destinationMACaddress(PCB)andputsourceaddressintoforwardingtable,checktheforwardingtableforAanddoesnotfloodingthepackettoallotherports.3.AsentdatatoB(OrBsentdatatoA):Switchport1receivetheframeextractthedestinationMACaddressandcheckitwithforwardingtableentries,itfindA,Bbothconnecttoport1,theswitchdiscardthisframe4.AorBsentdatatoC(firsttime):Repeaetstep1and2,andtheMACaddressofCwillbeinforwardingtable5.AorBsentdatatoC:Switchport1receivetheframeextractthedestinationMACaddressandcheckitwithforwardingtableentries.ItfindA,Bbothconnecttoport1,Cconnecttoport8,thenswitchingthisframefromport1toport8.Step1Step2Step4ByCWT9VirtualLANConcept(con’t)BasicideaofaVLANistoallowanorganizationtocustomizebroadcastdomainsaccordingtoitsneedsinsteadofacceptingthelimitationsthatcomewithnetworklayerprotocolswithusingrouterstoaccomplishsegmentation.VLANsaresoftware-definedlogicalLANsegmentsconfiguredbygroupingportsononeormoreEthernetswitchesintoaclosedusergrouporbroadcastdomain.BroadcasttrafficisonlydistributedtotheportsgroupedinaparticularVLAN.ByCWT10WhyuseVLAN?Security–TrafficonlyconfinedinthesameVLAN,differentVLANuserswouldnotseeanotherVLANtrafficProjects/Specialapplications–UseVLANstobringsalloftherequirednodestogether.TrafficControl–Broadcast,multicastandunknownunicasttrafficonlyconfinedinthesameVLAN.Departments/Specificjobtypes–SetuponeVLANtosomespecifictypesofemployees(suchas:RD,managers)ByCWT11VirtualLANIsacollectionofportswithVLANfunctionality.Thesegmentasvirtualisthattheseportsdon’tneedtobephysicallycontiguousorsharethesamecable.AportconfiguredasamemberofoneVirtualLANcannotcommunicatewithanodethatislocatedwithinadifferentVirtualLANs.Toallowyoutobuildyournetworksegmentswithoutbeingrestrictedbyphysicalconnections.ByCWT12Inducedissues•HowswitchidentifyreceivedpacketsarefromwhichVLAN?•HowtocommunicatebetweendifferentVLANs?ByCWT13TaggingSwitch-1Switch-2WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSThislinkcarriestrafficfromalldefinedmultipleVLANsServerServerServerWSAdministrationFacultyStudentsReference,LibraryPersonalstorageGrades,LessonsExamsFinancials,SchedulesPersonalfilesHo