樊明宪博士-中微量元素和缓释肥料

Zinc…essentialforlifeMingXianFan,Ph.D.Director,ChinaProgramZnNutrientInitiativeProgram国际锌协会中国锌营养项目主任樊明宪博士电话：[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]ntinEnhancedEfficiencyFertilizer中微量元素与高效肥料APermanentChallengeFacingbothAgricultureandFertilizerIndustries:ImproveFertilizerEfficiencythroughImprovementofUseofFertilizerorDevelopmentofNewSpecificFertilizer解决办法:科学施肥技术和科学肥料新品种减少肥料损失，提高肥料利用率是农业和肥料工业面临的长期挑战IncreaseFertilizerEfficiency•Balancedfertilization,includingsecondaryandmicronutrients平衡施肥,包括中微量元素养分•Treatedfertilizertoincreasefertilizeravailabilityandreducepotentiallossthroughfertilizerreactions/interactions利用肥料反应和相互作用提高肥料养分有效性或减少损失•Control/Timingfertilizersupply/releaseoncropuptakepattern/plantnutrition根据作物营养/吸收养分特点,控制肥料养分释放Solution:ControlledRelease/SlowReleaseFertilizer科学肥料,控释肥料和缓释肥料是上述科学施肥原理的载体提高肥料利用率的途径Zinc…essentialforlifeNutrientDeficiencyinChina(2ndNationalSoilSurveyResultsin1980s)34682030514634216501020304050607080NPKSZnMoBMnCuFe%DeficientAreaZnisthe2ndmostdeficientnutrient,onlyafterP全国第二次土壤调查结果：土壤缺锌是中国第二大养分缺乏限制因素，土壤缺锌面积：51%作物对硫肥的反应：TSI项目在中国151413131413121211111099871305101520CITRUS(25)*SOYBEAN(47)SUGARCANE(23)SWEETPOTATO(8)PEANUT(43)RADISH(3)SCALLION(10)CARROT(2)TEA(20)RAPESEED(46)RICE(117)CORN(87)CABBAGE(30)GARLIC(4)WHEAT(34)TOTAL(535)平均增产百分比：13%40353429292520181515141111102301020304050BANANA(2)SUGARCANE(23)CITRUS(25)TEA(20)SCALLION(10)CABBAGE(30)SWEETPOTATO(8)RADISH(3)SOYBEAN(62)PEANUT(43)RICE(117)RAPESEED(46)CORN(87)WHEAT(34)TOTAL(535)肥料投资的平均经济效益：23比1（增值：肥料成本比例）Zinc…essentialforlife锌肥对作物的增产效果IZA-MOA项目2011-2012增产，%AmmoniumThiosulphate(12-0-0-26S)AsaNewNStabilizer•Compatiblewithvariousfluidfertilizers可作多用途液体肥料使用•ActsasaNitrificationandSoilUreaseInhibitorwhenblendedwithUAN具有土壤尿酶和硝化作用抑制剂的功能•Containingbothammonium-NandelementalS含有NH4-N和元素硫•Environmentfriendlyandeconomicsound成本低,效益高,对环境无负作用•Widespreadavailability资源丰富•ConsumptioninUSA:800,000t硫代硫酸铵:新型液体氮硫肥,氮肥增效剂7.149.81.116.55.7260102030405060NLoss,mgNUAN(L)U+NBPT(0.25%)U+ATS(10%)SpringFallAddingATStourea+ammoniumnitrate(UAN)solutionreducedNlossesfromNH3volatilizationin7daysby20%to48%,eq.to70%oftheeffectofNBPTSource:C.A.Grant,etal.1996硫代硫酸铵ATS和尿酶抑制剂NBPT对降低氨挥发损失的效果Urea-Sulphur40-0-0-10Sor36-0-0-20S•AhomogeneousgranularproductmadefromamixtureofureaandliquidS液体硫磺和尿素混合造粒而成•Sparticlesize:100um•Goodstorageandhandlingproperties,andnoAnti-cakingagent•Goodnutrientavailabilityanduseefficiency养分释放减慢,利用率高硫磺尿素NewTechnologyofImprovingUrea-SulphurQualityHowtopreventdustyproblem?•Highpressuremixingofliquidureaandsulphur高压混合•Add1%oforganicacid(C25toC30)加1%的有机酸•Oradd1%oxidesofZn,Cu,Mnetc.加1%的氧化锌，（氧化铜，氧化锰等）•Orclayminerals.或者加粘土矿物提高硫磺尿素质量的新技术EffectofdifferentproductsonyieldofoilseedrapeinS.Africa(10kgS/hawereaddedintheStreatments)2.92.853.553.4012345Yield,ton/haCANUreaUrea-SCAN+AS硫磺尿素对油菜的增产效果ESEnhancedN/PFertilizers•MixliquidSwithTSP,Urea,MAPorDAPwithvarioustechnologiestoprovide5-20%SwithNandPnutrients利用液体硫磺可以和高浓度肥料制造成各种NPS复合肥料•AnewsulphateandESenrichedMAP,containing15%S,halfESandhalfsulphate-SprovidescropSnutritionintheentiregrowingseason硫强化磷一铵:含硫15%;50%ES,50%SO4-S.•SenhancedMAPandDAPfertilizerproducts(SEF)硫强化磷一铵/磷二铵•SulphurenrichedSSP(18-35%S)providescropwithbothimmediateandreserveavailability硫强化过磷酸钙•Goodstorageandhandlingproperties•Goodnutrientavailabilityanduseefficiency养分释放减慢,有效性和利用率提高.硫磺强化氮磷肥料硫磺氧化成酸，提高氮，磷和微量元素的有效性H2O=FinelydividedparticlesofSulphurandMicronutrient2)MakingtheAcid+SoilMicrobes=H2S04PlantavailableMicronutrientsulphate3)MicronutrientOxidetoSolubleSulphateMicronutrientOxide+H2SO4=FinelydividedsulphurCompoundPercentsolubilizedin0.1NHCl(%)Zincsulfate:ZnSO4100Zincphosphate:Zn3(PO4)299Zincoxide:ZnO91EffectofSEFonIncreasingNUseEfficiency(NUE)inCropProduction38.127.939.221.514.813.7134.4419.605101520253035404550AverageIncreaseofNUE,%Peanut(3)SweetPotato(2)Soybean(1)Cabbage(1)Rice(3)Rapeseed(1)Corn(3)Lettuce(1)Potato(1)Total(16)硫磺强化氮磷肥提高氮利用率的效果EffectofSEFandSSPonIncreasingPUseEfficiency(PUE)inCropProduction10.54.56.45.15.43.67.44.402468101214161820AverageIncreaseofPUE,%Peanut(1)Soybean(1)Rice(1)Total(3)SEFSSP硫磺强化氮磷肥提高磷利用率的效果美盛:加硫（锌）磷酸一铵肥料的特征和优势12-40-0-10S-1Zn1.每粒肥料都能均匀提供作物必需养分：N,P,S和Zn.2.肥料相互作用提高养分有效性和吸收3.两种形态硫，保证作物整个生长季节硫营养4.增产，增收，肥效好美可辛:加硫（锌）磷酸一铵肥料养分释放过程AdvantagesofBentoniteSulphur1.HighAnalysisformulations65%Sand18%Zncontent.–Reducedfreight&Storagecosts含量高，减低运输储存成本2.Lowproductioncosts–lowcostsulphurandZincnutrientwithhighvalue.氧化锌和硫磺生产成本低3.HighValueSulphurandZincFertilizer.硫锌肥缓释价值高i.Sulphurnutrient–providesaseasonlongreleaseofsulphate.ii.SoilAmendment-1kgproduces–3kgsulphuricacid(H²SO4).ImprovesPhosphate&MicronutrientavailabilityinCalcareousSoils.iii.EfficientcarrierforMicronutrients,andothernutrients.膨润土硫磺微量元素（Zn)肥料优点硫磺和氧化锌均不溶于水，硫磺在土壤中吸水膨胀释放，经微生物氧化成硫酸，硫酸和氧化锌反应生成水溶性硫酸锌，提高硫和锌的生物有效性。微量元素养分的有效载体和活化剂Tiger65%S–18%ZincSulphurZnEffectonCorn硫磺锌硫酸锌对照硫磺锌对玉米增产效果硫磺氧化成酸，提高微量元素的有效性SlowReleaseAccomplished•Lowsolublematerial溶解度低的物资–MgNH4PO4磷酸镁铵–ZnNH4PO4磷酸铵锌–Urea-formaldehyde(UF)尿素甲醛andIsobutylidenediurea(IBDU)异丁烯叉二脲(尿乙醛）溶解度低的物资在土壤中经分解和化学反应后，生成有效性高的养分供作物吸收。ZnNH4PO4