初中英语阅读理解讲解

初中阅读理解做题技巧阅读材料题材：故事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等学生素质•阅读速度•理解程度•思维能力•综合文化素质具体考查的内容•理解具体信息•推测生词词义•理解概念性含义•判断、推理和引申•理解主旨要义•理解结构，句段关系•理解作者意图解题步骤一、快速阅读，读懂大意二、明确要求，逐一解答三、重读问题，理解问题四、带着问题，重读文章五、复读全文，最后把关题型大聚会•1.推理题•2.词汇题•3.主旨题•4.态度观点题•5.代指题解题技巧碰碰碰（一）推理题及解题技巧•推理题：数字推理知识推断逻辑推理细节推断考查理清上下逻辑关系的能力（最难）。考查学生•判断、推理和引申•理解作者的意图、观点或态度•常用逻辑词:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。技巧•1.吃：吃透意思•2.捕：捕捉线索•3.挖：挖掘加工•4.握：把握关系•5.摸：揣摸作者1.知识推断题知识推断：根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。实例Tokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumC2.逻辑结论推断题逻辑结论：指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。实例Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,it’snottoday’sticket.”•Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewriter’sfatherwas____________.careless3.细节推断为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supportingdetails”。实例•Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?A.Theclasswasover.B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.B常见的推理判断题题干①Accordingtothepassage，what/whichis“……”?②Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?③Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept?（二）词汇题及解题技巧•测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。•标志是Theunderlinedword“…”inline…refersto…技巧•返回原文，找到该句子•结合上下文，理解该词意思•重点抓字面含义，不要进行归纳，演绎，推理•选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达•超纲词汇不是正确答案•正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后1.通过因果关系猜词借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.猜词题实例2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词1)同义词•and或or连接的词组e.g.happyandgay•解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars,andJupiter...2)反义词表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等•与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语Heissohomely，notashandsomeashisbrother.3.通过构词法猜词1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等。。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.5.通过句法功能来推测词义•Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.6.通过描述猜词ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.（三）主旨题及解题技巧•主旨要义•整体理解•概括能力•标志词有：“mainlyabout；mainlydiscuss；besttitle”等。技巧•注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体•小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案常见提问：1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whatistheauthor’smainpoint?3.Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?4.Themainpurposeofthepassage?5.Thetitleofthispassagewouldbe____.实例Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletoexplainaweathermapexactly.Weatherconditionisahugeamountofinformationaboutconditionatatimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyshowinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherOfficegivesoutinformationaboutcomingstorms,floods,freeze,dryness,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitgivesouta30-day“out-look”whichisabasicguidetoweatherconditionslikelytohappenallovertheUnitedStates.Question：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Weathermapsareveryimportanttostudentsofgeography.B.Weathermapscanhavea30-day“outlook”.C.Studentsofgeographyshouldbeabletomakeweathermapsexactly.D.Thosewhomajoringeographyshouldhavetheabilitytohaveagoodunderstandingofaweathermap.关键-主题句主题句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。三个特点：（1）总领性强，概括性强（2）结构简单，不用难句（3）其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主题句，起服从、论证、补充的作用实例•JoshnaBinghamstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HechangedtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlater,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyabusinesslawyerinMiami,Florida.•从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的是：JoshnaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.所以说这种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这样才能推断出文章的主旨大意。（四）态度观点题及解题技巧•理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力。标志词:attitude,purpose等。技巧•态度词:Opposition反对，suspicion怀疑的，Approval支持，Optimistic乐观的，subjective主观的，objective客观的，pessimistic悲观的，biased有偏见的，impartial公正的，sensitive敏感的，indifference冷漠(一般不选)。•不要搀杂自己的观点•寻找文中具有感情色彩的词•抓论述的主线及举例的方式（五）指代题及解题技巧整体理解文章的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。技巧•返回原文，找出题的指代词•找最近的名词,名词性词组或句子•将找到的替换该指代词,看意思是否通顺•找出最佳答案ThanksforListening!