修改版Syntactic Differences between English and Chine

安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）--1CONTENTSAbstract........................................................................................................3摘要：...........................................................................................................41.Introduction.............................................................................................51.1.Backgroundinformation..........................................................................51.2.Significanceofthisstudy.........................................................................72.Syntacticdifferencesandcorrespondingtranslationskills................82.1.Subjectandtopic......................................................................................82.1.1.Introduction.....................................................................................82.1.2.Topic-prominentlanguageandsubject-prominentlanguage...........92.1.3.Translationskills...........................................................................102.2.Hypotaxisandparataxis.........................................................................132.2.1.Thedefinitions...............................................................................132.2.2.HypotacticlanguageVSparatacticlanguage................................142.3.Impersonalsubjectsandpersonalsubjects.............................................162.3.1.ImpersonalsubjectsinEnglish.....................................................162.3.2.PersonalsubjectsinChinese.........................................................172.3.3.Translationskills...........................................................................182.4.Staticlanguageanddynamiclanguage..................................................202.4.1.DynamicChineseandstaticEnglish.............................................202.4.2.Translationskills...........................................................................212.5.PassivevoiceVSActivevoice...............................................................24杨梦春：SyntacticDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseandTheirImpactonTranslation22.5.1.Differentfrequenciesofpassivesentence.....................................242.5.2.Translationskills...........................................................................263.Conclusion.............................................................................................30Acknowledgements...................................................................................32Bibliography..............................................................................................33安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）--3SyntacticDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseandTheirImpactonTranslationAbstractNowadays,manyChinesecanunderstandsomeEnglishmaterials,buttheymightnotbeabletotranslatethemintoproperChinese.NorcantheytranslateChinesetextsintoidiomaticEnglish.ItisessentialtohaveagoodunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesbeforeonecantranslateadequatelyastranslatingtechniquesandmethodsaremostlygeneratedaccordingtolinguisticandculturalcomparisons.Dozenofstudiesonsyntacticcomparisoncarriedoutoverthepast80yearshavemostlyfocusedonsyntacticdifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,whilehowtodealwiththesyntacticdifferenceshavebeenseldomdiscussed.Thisarticlesummarizesthesyntacticdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagesandillustrateshowtoaddressthedifferencesintranslationinordertomakethetranslatedtextsbothfaithfulinmeaningandappropriateinstyle.Keywords:syntacticdifferences,translationskills杨梦春：SyntacticDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseandTheirImpactonTranslation4英汉句法差异及翻译摘要：在当今的社会，很多人能够看明白一些英语文章的意思，却不能够把它翻译成地道的汉语。同样地，他们可能也很难把汉语文章翻译成地道的英语。大部分的翻译技巧和方法来自于两种语言的文化和语法的对比，所以要想使译文地道合适，在翻译之前必须对英汉两种的区别有个清晰地认识。在过去的八十年里，人们做了很多英汉对比的研究，但是大部分的研究着重于英汉句法的对比，而有关在翻译里如何处理英汉不对等的句法现象的话题，却很少被关注。本文旨在总结英汉句法区别的同时，具体分析如何处理英汉句法的不对等，以使译文不仅忠实于原文，而且合适地道。关键词：句法区别，翻译技巧安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）--51.Introduction1.1.BackgroundinformationIfthetranslationisajourney,itbeginswiththefirststep----makingacomparisonbetweenthetwolanguages.Translationisdifficult,becauseyouhavetofacethechallenges,suchashowtodealwithlanguagedifferencesandhowtofindanapproximationofthemeaningexpressedintheotherlanguage.LuXun,oneofthemostfamouswritersinChinaoncesaid,“Ihavealwaysbelievedthattranslationisnotasdifficultasauthoring,anditneednottothinkabouthowtomaketheconstructionofthearticleatleast.However,whenstartingonit,Imeetmanyobstacles.Forexample,forgettinganounorverbintheprocessofauthoringisnotaseriousproblem,becauseanothersubstitutecansolvetheproblemeasily.Whileitisreallyaseriousproblemintheprocessoftranslation,thetranslatorhastothinkitoutuntilheisdizzy.Thisexperienceissimilartolookingforakeytothebox,whichiseagerlyneededtobeopened,butnothingisfound.’’(SongTianci，2003：60)TheobstaclesinLuXun’swordsarethedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.Therefore,makinganin-depthcomparisonbetweenthetwolanguagesistheonlywaytoshedlightonthesedifferencesandremovetheseobstaclesintranslation.Itispossibletomakeacomparisonoftwolanguagesbecausetherearesomeuniversali