授课人程建芳概要

Welcome授课人:程建芳［复习要点］Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）①②③ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）③②①英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的构成时间一般进行完成现在am/is/areasked被问am/is/arebeingasked正在被问have/hasbeenasked已经被问过过去was/wereasked（过去）被问was/werebeingasked（过去）正被问hadbeenasked（过去）已被问过将来shall/willbeasked将要被问1．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的变化构成。2．被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。3.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。过去将来should/wouldbeasked（过去）将要被问被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词常见的被动结构1SVO句型的被动结构SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)(+by短语)。Hewrotethebooktwoyearsago.→Thebookwaswrittenbyhimtwoyearsago..2SVoO句型的被动结构SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+O/o(保留宾语)(+by短语)。Myauntgavemeanapple.→*Iwasgivenanapple.Anapplewasgiventome.一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）3SVOC句型的被动结构SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+C(主语补足语)(+by短语)。PeopleusuallycallmeJimforshort.→IamusuallycalledJimforshort4短语动词的被动结构短语动词的被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+介词/副词(+by短语)。在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的for,off,of）不能遗漏。Wehavesentforadoctor.→Adoctorhasbeensentfor5带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构是：S+V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式)(+by短语)Youmustdoitatonce.→Itmustbedoneatonce.各种时态的被动结构练习1、TheChinesefood_____tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John___,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.A.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet.Rooms_______.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去时态：was/were+过去分词4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he____on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool______whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe__tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_____inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework__________.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished9、Theprogrammes_______easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词a)不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。Thebookwasfirstpublishedinthelate1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。Theplanwasgenerallyconsideredimpractical.c)突出动作的承受者。Sheisrespectedbyalltheworkersofthefactory.d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态。Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.何时用被动语态4）有些短语不用被动语态doone’sbest,makeaface,makeroom(腾位子），makeupone’smind,belongto不用被动语态的情况（考点）1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen,breakout,takeplaceThestorywashappenedin1934.(×）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have,lack,fit…Ihaveanewbike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；Thestoryissoundedtrue.(×）1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词well,easily时。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好。)Thedoorwillnotopen.(这扇门就是打不开。)Thisdresswashesbetter.(这衣服较好洗。)Thesignreadsasfollows.(这牌子告示如下。)特殊情况（考试重点）3）need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.4)注意动名词的被动形式，（beingdone)Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.没人喜欢被嘲笑。Mr.Hodgewasa1farmer.Hehadhundredsofchickens,andsoldeggsandthemeatandgotalotof2them,buthelivedinavery3partofthecountry,andhefound4hishens(母鸡)laid5inthesummer.Sohedecidedtoputair-conditionings（空调）intohischicken-house6theywouldlaywellallthroughtheyearandhecouldgetmoreeggsandinthatwayearnmoremoney.Theownerofthecompanywhich7theair-conditioningcametoseehim,andwhenhesawMr.Hodge’shouse,hethoughtthathemightbeabletopersuade（说服）himtobuysomeair-conditionings8.“Yourwifewouldbemuchhappierandmorecomfortablethen,”hesaidtoMr.Hodge.ButMr.Hodgewas9.“Mywifedoesn’t10,”hesaid.1．．chickenB．chicken’sC．chickens’D．chickenof2．A．interestingfromB．interestingfor．moneyforD．moneyfrom3．．hotB．coldC．warmD．cool4．A．whetherB．whichC．if．that5．．hardlyanyeggsB．egghardC．anyeggshardlyD．Moreeggs6．A．suchthatB．thatC．because．sothat7．A．buy．soldC．repairD．found8．A．ofittoo．forittooC．alsowithitD．forwhich9．A．notveryinterested．notinterestedatallC．veryinterestedD．veryhappy10．．layeggsB．feelhotC．likecoolD．bearchildrenACADDADBBBA