初中主动语态与被动语态讲解

1主动语态与被动语态一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词三.被动语态的时态:以为work例:一般现在时:am/is/are+worked一般过去时:was/were+worked一般将来时:shall/will+be+worked过去将来时:should/would+be+worked现在进行时:am/is/are+being+worked过去进行时:was/were+being+worked7.现在完成时:have/has+been+worked8.过去完成时:had+been+worked9.将来完成时:shall/will+havebeen+worked10.过去将来完成时:should/would+havebeen+worked11.情态动词(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+动词的过去分词四.用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五.方法：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)（被动语态）2六.注意以下问题：A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for用to的常见词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bringetc.用for的常见词有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave,cooketc.HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。eg.1.WecallherGina.SheiscalledGina(byus).2.Theymademehappy.Iwasmadehappy(bythem).3.Heaskedmetocomehere.Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)3C.在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。eg.1.Wesawthemplayfootballjustnow.Theywereseentoplayfootballjustnow.2.WeoftenhearhersinginEnglish.SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalkedabout.theoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.E.主动形式表示被动意义的词：1）某些感官动词:look,smell,taste,feel,wear,sound,etc.2）某些及物动词+副词：wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep,etc.1.Thiscoatfeelssoft.F.只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。eg.happenWhatwashappened?×Whathashappened?√Whatishappening?√4G.若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，而不变为by的宾语。eg.Ourvillageopenedanewschoollastyear.Anewschoolwasopenedinourvillagelastyear.H.若主动句的谓语动词是know变为被动语态时，应将其变为beknownto，而不能变为beknownby。eg.PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.I.若主动句的主语是nobody,noone等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态应将其anybody,anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。eg.Nobodycananswerthisquestion.Thisquestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.一.句型转换：1.AlargenumberofpeoplespeakFrenchinParis.French______________alargenumberofpeopleinParis.2.Mycousinrepairedthebrokenwatch.Thebrokenwatch______________mycousin.3.Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake.Thetrees________________aroundthelake.4.Myauntgavemeapresentonmybirthday._____apresentbymyauntonmybirthday.Apresent______________mebymyauntonmybirthday.