电子科技大学西方文化与文学考试提纲(有题)

IntroductiontotheCourseBritishandAmericanCulture:AnIntroductionCourseObjectivesRecommendedReadingsCourseContentsAssessmentTheobjectiveofthiscourseistoinitiatestudentsintotheculturaljourneyofU.K.andU.S.A.throughtheintroductiontovarioustopicsofthecultureandhelpstudentsexperiencethefunofit.RecommendedReadings《英美文化基础教程》，朱永涛主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1991年版。TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountries:AnIntroductionBritishandAmericancultures:AHistoricalIntroductionAmericanEnglishandAmericanCulture1ooMythsofGreeceandRome100BibleStories100FamousSpeeches100PassagesfromtheDramaticWritingsofShakespeareTheBestEnglishPoetryContentsLectureContentKeyPoints1IntroductionintroductiontotheCourseandbriefintroductiontoU.K.&U.S.A.2TheBibletheNewTestament，theOldTestament，literaryquotationandidiomsfromtheBible3Shakespeareintroductiontohislifeandappreciationofhismasterpieces4GreekandRomanMythologyclassicstories;godsandgoddesses;theZodiacandStarSigns(天象和星座)5ContrastiveStudyacontrastivestudyofChineseandEnglishfromstructure,intonationandmeaning6Idiomsidiomswithanimals,colors,idiomsandnationality,idiomsandsports,etc.★Students’Presentationandrole-playapresentationoftopicschosenbyyourselvesaboutthetwocountries;ashortplayselectedfromShakespeare'smasterpiecesAssessmentAttendance(10%)Participationinlearningactivities(in-classexercisesandhomework)(10%)In-classpresentation(20%)—a10minutepresentationonaselectedtopicofthecourse—week11FinalExamination(60%)SampleExaminationPartI:MultipleChoiceQuestionsPartII.FillintheBlankswithidiomsorproverbsyouhavelearned.PartIII.MatchingPartIVClozePartVTranslationABriefIntroductiontoU.K.&U.S.A.theOfficialNameU.K.:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandGreatBritainconsistsofEngland,ScotlandandWales.U.S.A.:theUnitedStatesofAmericatheNicknameU.K.:JohnBullJohnBull:agentlemanfromupperclass,shortandfat,impatient,buthonestandpassionateJohnbullism:EnglishCharacter英国精神,英国习气,或英国的典型性格U.S.A.:UncleSamUncleSam:acowboy,tallandthin,patriotic,sincere,open-minded,free,democratictheNationalFlagU.K.:theUnionFlag,theUnionJackU.S.A.:Star-SpangledBannerQ:Whatdothosestarsandstripesstandfor?50stars:50states13stripes:13originalcoloniesRed:HardinessandValorWhite:PurityandInnocenceBlue:Vigilance,PerseveranceandJusticetheNationalAnthemU.K.:GodSavetheQueenU.S.A.:Star-SpangledBannertheNationalBirdU.K.:redbreastU.S.A.:baldeagleLandandPeopleU.K.ThemajorityofBritishpopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo-Saxons,atermreferringtothethreegroupsofGermanicpeoplefromEuropewhowenttoEnglandbetweenthe5thandthe7thcenturies:theAngles(盎格鲁人),Saxons(萨克森人)andJutes(朱特人).Thesepeopletendtobetall,haveblondhairandblueeyes.Theirlanguagebecametheofficiallanguageofthecountry.ThesepeoplesettledinEnglandanddrovethenativeCelticpeople(凯尔特人)tothemountainousareasinWalesandScotland.Today,mostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredecedentsoftheCelticpeoplewhoweretheearliestknowninhabitantsofGreatBritain.TheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinorigin.theBritishCommonwealth(英联邦)U.S.A.TheUnitedStatesisanimmigrantcountry.Itspopulationismadeupofmorethan100ethnicgroupsfromallovertheworld.However,themajorityiswhitewhoaccountforabout75%ofthetotalpopulation.TheyaredecedentsofimmigrantsfromEurope.ThedecedentsofEnglishsettlersmakeupabout45%oftheAmericanpopulationnowandcontrolmostofthewealthandpoliticalpowerinthenation.Peopleofotherethnicgroups,suchasNativeAmericans,AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andAsianAmericansmakeuptherestofthepopulation.NativeAmericans,knownasIndians,aretheoriginalinhabitantsofthecontinentofAmerica.Hispanics,alsoknownasLatinos(拉丁美洲人),makeup13%ofthetotalAmericanpopulation.TheyarethelargestethnicminoritygroupintheUnitedStates.African-Americans,alsoknownasBlacks,makeup12.7%ofthetotalAmericanpopulation.Theyarethesecondlargestminoritygroup.ManyofthemaredescendantsofslavesimportedfromAfrica.AnotherfastgrowingminoritygroupisAsianAmericanswhomakeupabout4.4%ofAmericanpopulation.Theyarespreadingoutinallpartsofthecountry,withCaliforniaandNewYorkhavingthelargestpopulationsofAsianAmericans.AsianAmericanscantracetheirculturalorigintomanycountriesinAsia,suchasChina,India,Korea,Japan,Vietnam,andthePhilippines.Therearealtogether50statesinAmerica,amongwhich,48statesarecontiguousand2arenoncontiguousstates.ThetwoseparatedstatesareAlaskaandHawaii.Intermsofarea,thelargeststateofU.S.AisAlaska,whilethesmallestoneisRhodeIsland.PoliticsU.K.:ConstitutionalMonarchy(君主立宪制)HeadofState:monarch（君主）Parliament:PrimeMinister（首相）(Cabinet)Two-PartySystem:ConservativeParty(保守党)andLaborParty(工党)U.S.A.:AmericanFederalGovernment:SeparationofPowers（三权分立）LegislativePower（立法权）:CongressExecutivePower（行政权）:PresidentJudicialPower（司法权）:SupremeCourt)Two-PartySystem:DemocraticParty(Elephant)andRepublicanParty(Donkey)EconomyU.K.GreatBritainwasthefirstindustrializednationintheworldandremainedaneconomicgiantforthepasttwocenturies.InspiteofthedeclineoftheformerBritishEmpirefollowingWorldWarIIandthediminishingofBritain’sinfluenceintheBritishCommonwealth(英联邦)andtheworldaswhole,itisstillamemberoftheGroupofEight(U.S.A.,U.K.,France,German,Japan,I