定语从句课件

Complexsentence复合句：定语从句由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句=主句+从句Complexsentence复合句：HesaidthathewasfromJapan.他说他来自日本。（宾语从句）Ilikesingerswhowritetheirownsongs.我喜欢自己写歌的歌手。（定语从句）It‘truethatlearningEnglsihisnoteasy.学英语不容易是真的。（主语从句）Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。IwastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedinmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.Attributiveclause:定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.先行词关系词定语从句被定语从句修饰的词引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethatisred.修饰先行词anappleIlikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefriendswholikesports.修饰先行词friendsAttributiveclause:定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词考点二：that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.考点二：④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewrittenABBBCA7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_____hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_____toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements______youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseBABBC•关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。•eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.•2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.•3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.•4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考点三：关系代词前介词的确定who/that在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致Iprefershoesthatarecool.Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.RULE1用定语从句完成下列句子.1.Themanismybrother.Heisstandingunderthetree._____________________.2.Ilikemusic.Icansingwiththem._____________________.3.Hemissedthetrain.Heusuallycatchesthistrain.____________________.4.Doyouknowthegirl?Sheistalkingwiththeteacher._________________.5.LiuLilikesthesingers.Theycanwritetheirownlyrics.________________________.