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1扶弱资料(六)非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词,就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征,即可以有宾语(如果是及物动词的话)、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时,它们又具有名词的某些特征,即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。一、动词不定式:动词不定式(时态与语态):主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing1.作主语:Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.2.作表语:Mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.3.作宾语:Hedecidedtobuyacomputer.4.作宾语补足语:Mr.Smithwantshissontobecomealawyer.[注]:在let,make,see,notice,hear等动词后面,作宾补的不定式均省去to.如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybody___________(laugh).但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.如:Wearemade________________(write)acompositioneveryweekbytheteacher.5.作定语:Heusedtohavealotofmeetingtoattend.[注]:当出现thefirst/second/last/only/best时,常跟不定式作定语Hewasthefirstman_____________(get)toschoolthismorning.6.不定式作状语:Toseewhatwouldhappen,westayedthere.二、分词(现在分词和过去分词)(一)V-ing形式(时态与语态):主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1.___________(be)poor,hecouldn’tgotoschool.2.Weareinterestedin_____________(play)chess.3.Thequestion_____________________(discuss)nowisimportant.4.Theboywasafraidof____________________(leave)aloneathome.5.____________________(work)inthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.注:现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前(二)过去分词(只有一种时态与语态)规则的:V-ed;不规则的(记不规则动词表)1.Theboywenthomewithhishomework_______________(finish).2.___________(see)fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别:现在分词表示的意义是主动的,进行的:thegirlgatheringflowers(正在采花的女孩)过去分词表示的意义是被动的,完成的:theflowersgatheredthismorning(早晨采的花)1.作表语:Thenewsisveryexciting./Theyareveryexcitedatthenews.2.作定语:Don’tdisturbthesleepingchild./Thearrestedthiefwillbesentencedsoon.23.作宾补:Helikestositonthebeachandwatchtheseagullsflying./Theworklefteveryoneexhausted.[注]:有些动词如see,hear,feel,notice,watch等既可跟现在分词,也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于:现在分词着重说明动作正在发生;不定式着重说明动作的全过程Isawtheboysclimbingthewall.我看见孩子在爬墙。Isawtheboysclimbthewall.我看见孩子爬墙了。4.作状语:TheystoodtherewaitingforthebusHearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.Askedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.Compare:1._______________(follow)theoldman,wewentupstairs2.________________(follow)bytheoldman,wewentupstairs.三、动名词(V-ing)1.作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如:Seeingisbelieving./Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.[注]:在“Itisnouse(good)”等习惯表达法中,常用形式主语“it”Itisnousequarrelingwithher./Isitworthwhiletryingagain?2.作宾语在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语,则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit+名词/代词+不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如:Wedon'tallow_______________(smoke)here.Wedon'tallowanybody________________(smoke)here3.作介词宾语Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift(值班)?Childrenarefondofreadingdetectivestories.[注]某些习惯用法中,常省略介词,仅保留动名词Heisbusy(in)preparingareport.Theyspentalotoftime(in)makingpreparation.Wehadgreatdifficulty/trouble(in)findinghishouse.非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:(一)、不定式的逻辑主语一般的结构为for+名词+不定式,如:ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.Ifounditimpossible_____himtodothejobalone.但在表示人物性格,特征等的形容词后kind,brave,careful,clever,foolish,honest,kind,polite,rude,stupid,wise,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语,如:Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.Itwasverybrave________himtocatchthethief.(二)、不定式的主动式还是被动式作定语时,当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式Ihaveameetingtoattend.TheteachergaveJohnabooktoread,若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况,而是其他人,用被动态:Herearetheclothestobewashed(三)、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大如;a)remembertodo(记住要做某事),rememberdoing(记得曾做过某事)b)forgettodo(忘记要做某事),forgetdoing(忘记曾做过某事)c)regrettodo(因要做某事感到不安),regretdoing(因做了某事感到后悔)3(四)、分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有:interesting令人感兴趣的--interested感到有趣的;exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的;disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的(五)、admit,advise,avoid,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.(六)、lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devote…to,makecontributionsto,get/beusedto,objectto中的to是介词,因而其后接动名词做宾语,不要误用动词不定式。(1)I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.(2)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(七)、主动形式表示被动意义1动词want,need,require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例:TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)fixing.=TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)tobefixed.②形容词worth后接的v-ing的主动形式。例:Thefilmisworthseeing.③某些作表语的形容词(如easy,difficult,hard等)后接的不定式主动形式。例:Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.(=Toanswerthisquestioniseasy.)语法填空---高考真题回顾(一)、全国卷:真题再练:在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由。1.(2015卷I·68)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers___________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.2.(2015卷I·70)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_______(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.3.(2015卷II·61)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)______(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby…4.(2015卷II·64)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout______(use)electricequipment.5.(2015卷II·66)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.6.(2014卷I·65)Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafe
本文标题:高考英语非谓语动词(总结+改错)
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