名词讲解

名词名词的定义:表示人、事物、时间、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫名词。名词的分类专有名词:China,ProfessorLi,Sunday普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词:book集体名词:people物质名词:wheat抽象名词:health名词的数可数名词复数的构成（规则变化）：1.一般在词尾加-s:books,cats,dogs,beds2.以s,sh,ch,x结尾的在词尾加-es:glasses,boxes,watches,brushes3.以f,fe结尾的词,改f,fe为v,再加-es:如knife,thief；itself,shelf,leaf,half,wolf,wife,life,loaf.为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半。(tomatoes,potatoes)4.以辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i,再加-es:story-stories,city-cities,family-families,baby-babies注：以元音字母(a,e,I,o,u)+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s:play---playsway----waysvalley-----valleys山谷donkey----donkeyskey–keystoy----toysboy----boysguy----guys注：以下以f或fe结尾的，直接加roof---roofsgulf---gulfs湾chief---chiefsbelief---beliefsproof---proofssafe---safes保险箱cliff---cliffsreef–reefs暗礁brief–briefs纲要注：handkerchief---handkerchiefshandkerchievesstaff—staffs职员----stafves棒杖(5)以辅音字母+O结尾的，多数+esheronegro黑人tomatopotatoecho回声;回响[C][U]buffalo水牛,(北美)野牛注：以元音字母+O结尾的，以及某些以O结尾的外来词，变成复数只加Sbamboo,zoo，radio，kangaroo袋鼠studio工作室，例外:Piano,kilo，photo，tobacco(6)有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero—zeros、zeroes,volcanocargo(船、飞机、车辆装载的)货物[C][U]mosquito蚊子[C]penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。不规则变化的可数名词复数：1.英法男女和警察，末尾原因a变e；Englishman-Englishmen,Fremchman-Frenchmenman-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen2.牙脚oo变ee；tooth-teeth,foot-feet3.小孩末加-ren；child-children4.中日绵羊鹿不变。Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer注：有些名词虽以s结尾，但当单数看待：physics,maths,news.有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当复数看待：people,police,public.e.g.Nonewsisgoodnews.e.g.Chinesepeoplearehard-workingpeople.复合名词的复数形式主体词的复合名词将主体词变为复数looker-on-----lookers-on旁观者passer-by-----passers-by过路人daughter-in-law---daughters-in-law媳妇father-in-law----fathers-in-law岳父没有主体词的，在词尾加Sgrown-up-----grown-ups成年人good-for-nothing-----good-for-nothings饭桶没用的人go-between(s)中间人drawback(s)缺陷由man和woman构成的复合名词，两部分都要变复数。manteacher-----menteachersWomandoctor-----womendoctors不可数名词:1.用来表示不同类别时,可用复数:teas各种茶fruits各种水果fishes各种鱼waters各种水域或矿泉水2.表示不可数名词的数量,要在它的前面加表示数量的短语:一瓶牛奶abottleofmilk一杯茶acupoftea四袋米fourbagsofrice两张纸twopiecesofpaper注1:有些单词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，但是所含意义不同（[u]代表不可数名词，[c]代表可数名词）adventure[u]冒险experience[u]经验[c]经历[c]奇遇beautyu]美丽expression[u]表达[c]美人[c]表情词语coffee/drink[u]咖啡/饮料practice[u]实践，练习c]一杯咖啡/饮料[c]习惯、常规做法youth[u]青春danger[u]危险[c]危险的事物或人[c]一个青年人difficulty[c]难事success[c]成功的人或事[u]困难[u]成功注2:单复数形式分别表示不同的意义1.time时间times次数，时代，倍2.3.wood木头woods森林sand沙子sands沙滩paper纸papers试卷，论文，报纸iron铁ironsaniron脚镣，手铐cloth布clothes衣服4.5.6.熨斗glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯/眼镜water水waters大片的水，海域work工作works工厂，著作，工程force力量forces军队good益处goods货物manner态度manners礼貌7.8.9.10.11.12.ruin13.ruins废墟14brianbrians脑脑力，智能毁灭spirit精神spirits心情，情绪酒精content内容contents目录green绿色greens蔬菜13.14.15.名词所有格的构成方法:1.有生命东西的名词所有格,单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加‘s,以s或es结尾的复数名词在词尾加’:theteachers’readingroom,theChildren’sPalace,Jim’sbag.2.如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词加“’s”；如果不是共有的，两个名词后都要加“’s”。例如：JaneandMary’sroom(共有)Jane’sandTom’sbooks(不共有)=Jane‘sbookandTom’sbook3.在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。6.双重所有格：anoldclassmateofmine,somefriendsofmybrother’s5.无生命东西的名词所有格，用of结构表示。thelegofatable,thenameoftheshipatthedoctor’s在诊所tomyuncle’satthebarber’s在理发店atMr.Green’satthetailor’s在裁缝店到我叔叔家在格林先生家4.表示时间、距离的名词所有格，加‘s或‘。anhour’sride,threeweeks’holiday,today’snewspaper完成下列表格:…国…国人…语AmericaAmericanAustraliaCanadaChinaChineseChineseEnglandFranceJapaneseRussianEnglishAustralianEnglishCanadianEnglishEnglishmanEnglishFrenchmanFrenchJapanJapaneseRussiaRussian写出下列名词的复数形式:1.dress-2.box-3.match-4.mouth-5.tomato-6.radio-7.family-8.city-9.baby-10.photo-11.day-12.key-13.life-14.knife-15.man-16.sheep-17.foot-18.child-19.zoo-20.American-21.German-22.class-23.potato-24.country-25.story-26.Frenchman-27.Indian-28.party-29.way-30.leaf-dressesboxesmatchesmouthstomatoesradiosfamiliescitiesbabiesphotosdayskeyslivesknivesmensheepfeetchildrenzoosAmericansGermansclassespotatoescountriesstoriesFrenchmenIndianspartieswaysleaves选择正确答案：1.There’realotof___onthetree.A.leafB.leafsC.leaves2.There’retwenty___intheirschool,someofthemare___.A.womenteachers,GermansB.womanteachers,GermansC.womenteachers,Germen3.Howmany___arethereonthetable?A.bottlesofwatersB.bottleofwaterC.bottlesofwater4.There’ssome___andsomeapplesonthetable.A.meatB.orangesC.pears5.In___time,themountainswillbecoveredwithtrees,too.A.afewyearsB.afewtear’sC.afewyears’CACAC将下列句子变成复数句：1.Adogisananimal.2.It’saninterestingstory.3.Ihaveanewdictionary.4.Whatanicechildheis!5.Istherearadiointheroom?6.Acateatsfish.7.Atablehasfourlegs.8.Thereisafoxunderthetree.9.Heiswritingalettertohisfriend.10.Asheepiseatinggrassatthefootofthehill.Dogsareanimals.They’reinterestingstories.Wehavesomenewdictionaries.Whatnicechildrentheyare!Arethereanyradiosintherooms?Catseatfish.Tableshavefourlegs.Therearesomefoxesunderthetrees.Theyarewritingletterstotheirfriends.Manysheepareeatinggrassatthefootofthehills.将下列短语译成英语：1.中国的首都2.我们学校的学生3.教师办公室4.杂志的封面5.两杯水6.三双鞋7.少年宫8.八张纸9.四则好消息10.十箱牛奶11.两条新长裤12.一双筷子thecapitalofChinathestudentsofourschooltheteachers’office(s)thecoverofthemagazinetwoglassesofwaterthreepairsofshoestheChildren’sPalaceeightpiecesofpaperfourpiecesofgoodnewstenboxesofmilktwopairsoftrousersapairofchopsticks完成句子：1.我想要三瓶牛奶。I’dlike___________________.2.他买了