基于单片机的鱼缸环境自动控制系统

编号：毕业设计(论文)说明书题目：基于单片机的鱼缸自动环境控制系统设计院（系）：机电工程学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名：张少飞学号：1001120532指导教师单位：机电工程学院姓名：邓仕超职称：副研究员题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发2014年5月20日摘要随着人们生活水平的提高、收入的增加以及住房条件的改善，人们对生活环境也有所提高，观赏鱼缸之类的工艺产品渐渐进入我们的视野，出现在一些家庭、宾馆、商场等公共场所，给周围的环境增添一道亮丽的风景。但是，目前市场上大部分观赏鱼缸的液位控制、换水、换水比例以及喂食等操作仍需要人为的手动控制，给人们的生活带来很大的不便。本文通过对现在大多数水族箱控制设备应用现状进行分析和研究，提出了一种多功能鱼缸环境自动控制系统的设计方案。该控制系统以单片机（STC12C5A60S2）为核心，结合各种传感器和外围设备达到自动控制，包括恒温控制、液位检测、定时换水、换水比例和水循环系统等功能，通过按键可以设定温度、换水时间以及换水比例，适合不同种类的鱼生活，对设定值采用外部存储器（EEPROM）进行保存，具有掉电保护功能。本文主要从功能设计、元器件选择、硬件电路设计和软件设计等方面对该系统进行论述，并且通过较长时间的运行测试，证明该系统运行稳定可靠、操作简单，同时该系统设计灵活、成本低、易于规模化生产，适合家庭、宾馆、商场等场所安装。关键词：单片机；自动控制；鱼缸；定时换水；EEPROMAbstractWiththeimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,increaserevenueandimprovethehousingconditionsofpeople'slivingconditionsalsoimproved,ornamentalaquariumtechnologyproductslikegettingintoourvision,appearinsomehomes,hotels,shoppingmallsandotherpublicplaces,tothesurroundingsaddabeautifullandscape.However,themarketmostornamentalfishtanklevelcontrol,changingthewater,changingthewaterandfeedingoperationssuchastheproportionofpeoplestillneedmanualcontrol,topeople'slivesagreatdealofinconvenience.Basedonthecurrentstatusofthemajorityoftheaquariumcontroldeviceapplicationsforanalysisandresearch,weproposeamulti-functionalaquariumenvironmentautomaticcontrolsystemdesign.Thecontrolsystemmicrocontroller(STC12C5A60S2)asthecore,combinedwithavarietyofsensorsandperipheralstoachieveautomaticcontrol,includingtemperaturecontrol,liquidleveldetection,regularwaterchanges,changingthewaterratioandthewatersystemandotherfunctions,thetemperaturecanbesetviabuttons,changingthewaterandchangethewaterproportionoftimefordifferenttypesoffishlife,settinganexternalmemory(EEPROM)tosave,withpower-downprotection.Thisarticlefromthefunctionaldesign,componentselection,hardwaredesignandsoftwaredesignandotheraspectsofthesystemarediscussed,andalongerperiodoftimebyrunningteststoprovethatthesystemisstableandreliable,simpleoperation,whilethesystemisdesignedtobeflexible,costlow,easytoscaleproduction,suitableforfamilies,hotels,shoppingmallsandotherplacestoinstall……Keywords：chipmicroprocessor;automaticcontrol;tank;regularwaterchanges;EEPROM目录1绪论.............................................................................................................11.1引言...............................................................................................................................11.2观赏鱼缸背景...............................................................................................................11.3观赏鱼缸现状分析......................................................................................................21.3.1国内观赏鱼缸现状分析..............................................................................................21.3.2国外观赏鱼缸的分析..................................................................................................21.4课题研究内容及意义...................................................................................................32鱼缸控制系统总体方案的设计及器件选型...............................................32.1单片机概述....................................................................................................................32.2控制系统设计要求.......................................................................................................42.3总体方案设计...............................................................................................................42.3.1鱼缸智能控制系统的功能组成及参数.......................................................................42.3.2鱼缸智能控制系统的硬件结构框图...........................................................................52.4系统主要元器件的选取...............................................................................................62.4.1单片机的选取.............................................................................................................62.4.2输出控制模块的选取..................................................................................................72.4.3液晶显示和按键的选取..............................................................................................93系统硬件设计............................................................................................103.1单片机系统电路设计.................................................................................................113.1.1单片机时钟电路及I/O分配....................................................................................113.1.2上电复位及按键复位电路........................................................................................123.2输入输出接口电路设计.............................................................................................133.2.1接口电路...................................................................................................................133.2.2输出接口电路...........................................................................................................133.3人机界面电路设计.....................................................................................................143.3.1显示界面..................................................................