Gullivers-Travels

JonathanSwift（1667—1745）SwiftwasoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose（散文）,satirist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer（檄文执笔者）,poetandpriest.Swiftwasamanofgreatmoralintegrityandsocialcharm.Swift’sWorks(1)ATaleofaTub(2)TheBattleofBooks《一个木桶的故事》1704《书的战争》1704asatireuponallreligioussectsanattackonChristianityitself(2)TheBattleofBooks《书的战争》1704anattackonpedantryintheliteraryworldofthetimeIntroductionSwift’sgreatestsatirework,Gulliver'sTravels,iswrittenin1726,thebookhasnotlostitssignificancetothepresentdayandcanbejustlyrankedamongthebestnovelofworldliterature.Gulliver’sTravelsservesasabitingsatire,andSwiftensuresthatitisbothhumorousandcritical,constantlyattackingBritishandEuropeansocietythroughitsdescriptionsofimaginarycountries.PlotandMajorCharactersWrittenintheformofatraveljournal,Gulliver'sTravelsisthefictionalaccountoffourextraordinaryvoyagesmadebyLemuelGulliver,aphysicianwhosignsontoserveasaship'ssurgeonwhenheisunabletoprovidehisfamilywithasufficientincomeinLondon.1.Lilliput(小人国)asatireontheTories(托利党)&theWhigs(辉格党)2.Brobdingnag(大人国)asatireonEnglishlordsandladies4.FlyingIsland（飞岛）asatireoncorruptedphilosophers3.countryofhorses(马岛)asatireontheconflictsofEnglishsocietyandpeopleGullivermakesourdeep-seavoyages,whicharedescribedinthefourpartsofthebook.LilliputLaputaBrobdingnagHouyhnhnmsFirstvoyage---LilliputOntheveryfirstvoyage,Gulliverisshipwrecked.Ofalltheship’screwhealonesurvives.Heswimstotheshoreofastrangeland,inhabitedbyLilliputians,thetallestofwhomissixincheshigh.WhenbendingmyeyesdownwardasmuchasIcould,Iperceivedahumannotsixincheshigh!LittlebylittlehegetsusedtotheirlifeandeventakespartinthewarwiththeneighbouringstateofBlefuseu.Treason叛国罪ThekingoflilliputcontrastHighHeeledPartyLowHeeledPartyThewarbetweenLilliput（小人国）andneighborutpprobablyoutofhumannature:mantendstothinkhighlyofhimself,nottobelittlehimself,thustosatisfyhisprobablyoutofhumannature:mantendstothinkhighlyofhimself,nottobelittlehimself,thustosatisfyhissenseofself-importance.senseofself-importance.robablyoutofhumannature:mantendstothinkhighlyofhimself,nottobelittlehimself,thustosatisfyhissenseofself-importance.probablyoutofhumannature:mantendstothinkhighlyofhimself,nottobelittlehimself,thustosatisfyhissenseofself-importance.theWhigs（辉格党）theTories（托利党）Hundredyear’swarbetweenFranceandEnglandwhytheauthorcreatetheLilliput?probablyoutofhumannature:mantendstothinkhighlyofhimself,nottobelittlehimself,thustosatisfyhissenseofself-importance.MajorthemesThefirstvoyagehasbeeninterpretedasanallegorical(讽喻的)satireofthepoliticaleventsoftheearlyeighteenthcentury,acommentaryonthemoralstateofEngland.ThewarwiththetinyneighboringislandrepresentsEngland’srivalry（对抗）betweenWhigsandTories.Secondvoyage---BrobdingnagGulliverfinallyescapesLilliputandreturnsbrieflytoEnglandbeforeasecondvoyagetakeshimtoBrobdingnag.Whileonshore,Gulliveriscapturedbygiants,eachofwhomisthesizeofawater-tower.Awater-towerOnthewhole,theBrobdingnagiansaregood-naturedcreatures,andtheytreatGulliverkindly,thoughtheyareamusedbyhistinysizeandlookeduponhimasaplaything.GulliverComparewithLilliput,theBrobdingnagianshaveanenlightenedmonarch（开明的君主）.Sheofteninterrogates（询问）GulliveronEuropeanaffairs.Questions:Q:TheseMinisterswhorunyourcountry,howdotheygettobeMinisters?A:Wellusuallyit’sasumofmoneydecidestheissue.Q:Sohowdotheygaintheknowledgeoftheirpeopletheysupposedtoserve?A:Theydon’tneedmuchknowledge.Becausetheyspendwell…mosttheirtimedrinkingandgambling.Q:Howcanakingdomspendmorethanitreceivesintaxes?A:Well,that’ssimple.Wejustborrowmoneyfromourselves.Q:Whyareyoualwaysattackingpeople?A:Well,oftenwehavetodefendourselvesbyattackingbeforewe’reattacked.Questions:GulliverabruptlydepartsBrobdingnagwhenagianteaglefliesoffwithhimanddropshimintheocean.ThemeGullivermainlyplayedtheroleofthedefence,andexpressedwithcriticismtowardsBritishoreventhewholeEuropebythemouthofthekingofBrobdingnag.通过大人国国王对格列佛引以为荣的的英国选举制度、议会制度以及种种政教措施所进行的尖锐的抨击，对英国各种制度以及政教措施表示了怀疑和否定.Thirdvoyage---LaputaHesoonembarksonhisthirdvoyagetotheflyingislandofLaputaLaputaisamysteriouslandinhabitedbyscientists,magicians,andsorcerers（男巫）whoengageinridiculousexperiment.TheintellectualsofLaputawerefartoobusyhavinggreatthoughtstobeburdenedwiththechoresoffarming.Sotheyjustflyingoverlands,collectingBrainTaxes（人头税）fromthevillagesbelow.Thenbucketswouldbeloweredtobefilledwithfoodanddrinkandwhateverelsetheywant.therulersontheflyingisland,whomakealivingbytaxingpeople.Iftheyrefuses,thentheyaredeprivedof（被剥夺）air,sunshineandwater.Suchbrutal（残忍的）rulersarejustthereplicatesoftheBritishinvaderswhoconquerIrelandandotherpartsoftheworldbyusingforce.ThevoyagetoLaputaisascathing（尖刻的）attackuponscienceinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesandrevealsSwift‘scontempt（蔑视）anddisdain（鄙视）forabstracttheoryandideology（思想）thatisnotofpracticalservicetohuman.MajorthemesFinalvoyage---HouyhnhnmOnceagainGulliverreturnstoEnglandbeforeafinaljourney,tothelandoftheHouyhnhnmInthecountryofHouyhnhnmHouyhnhnmHorseYahooInHouyhnhnm’slanguageThereisnoevil,nolie,noillness,nopower,nowar,nogovernment,nolaw,nop