北京官厅水库-永定河水系 水体中持久性有机氯农药污染

152Vol.15,No.220036JournalofLakeSciencesJun.,2003**12615:Fig.1GeographyandsamplinglocationsofGuantingReservoir/YongdingheRiverμ2–127μ°°±°°±°αβδγ′′′′°××μμ±μ’12815αβγδεαβγδγαγαγαγ1*Tab.1ConcentrationsoforganochlorinatedpesticidesinriverwateralongGuantingReservoirTOC26.025.22.783.634.373.960.352.321.494.351.411.680.94α-HCH21.977.692.94nd1.244.731.6011.85ndnd0.911.540.68β-HCH5.112.935.034.844.767.11nd13.1nd4.861.762.981.10γ-HCH18.26.063.351.341.433.42ndndndnd1.261.782.32δ-HCH8.22nd3.300.090.120.090.095.180.090.091.241.890.10p,p'-DDT2.42ndndnd15.2ndndnd1.69ndndndndp,p'-DDTndndndndndndnd0.01ndndndndnd-DDTnd1.531.6416.631.6nd0.593.41nd3.150.850.13nd2.051.24ndndnd1.722.424.432.997.130.65ndnd0.51ndndndndndndnd5.76ndnd2.52nd0.323.768.71nd2.11ndnd7.033.19nd2.002.24nd0.18nd0.68nd0.09ndnd2.73ndndnd0.64nd0.140.080.06nd0.760.190.05nd0.09ndndndnd-I1.650.76ndndnd0.11ndndndndndndnd-II36.1ndndndnd36.4nd3.57ndndnd3.27ndnd0.60ndndndndnd0.06ndndndndnd96.924.625.722.957.453.84.7551.413.815.28.6617.04.20*nd:;TOCmg/L,ng/L.2–129αββαβββ2-HCHFig.2IsomercompositionofHCHsinwaterofGuantingReservoir/YongdingheRiver’13015’μμ’μμμμμμμ2–131etalααβγδ13215PersistentOrganochlorinatedPesticidesinWaterfromGuantingReservoirandYongdingheRiver,BeijingKANGYuehui1,LIUPeibin2WANGZijian1*,LÜYibing1&LIQijun2(1:StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalAquaticChemistry,ResearchCenterofEco-environmentScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085,P.R.China;2:BeijingHydraulicResearchInstitute,Beijing100044,P.R.China)AbstractInthepaper,concentrationsof18persistentorganochlorinatedpesticidesin12watersamplesfromGuantingReservoir/YongdingheRiverWatershed,Beijing,wereanalyzedbyusinggaschromatographyandelectroncapturedetector(GC-ECD).Pentachloro-nitrobenzene(PCNB)wasusedasinternalstandardand2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-m-xylene(TMX)andPCB-209wereusedassurrogate.Themethodrecoverieswererangedfrom85%to110%withastandarddeviationlessthan10%.Persistentorganicpollutants,suchasHCHs,DDTs,andheptachlorweredetectedinthewaters.Among13samplinglocations,thetotalconcentrationsof13pesticidesunderinvestigationrangedfrom4.2-96.9ng/L.Amongthe13pesticides,concentrationofHCHsandDDTswere0.09-53.5ng/Landnd-46.8ng/L,respectively.IncomparisonwithconcentrationsofHCHsinotherriversinChina,concentrationofHCHsinthiswatershedwerelowerthanthosefoundintheZhujiangRiver(PearlRiver),SonghuajiangRiver,HaiheRiverandBaiyangdianCatchmentsandsimilartothosefoundintheYangtzeRiverandmiddlereachesoftheLiaoheRiver.Con-centrationsofDDTsinthiswatershedwerehigherthanthosefoundintheZhujiangRiverandHaiheRiverandsilimartothosefoundintheYangtzeRiverandJiulongjiangRiver.TheoriginsoforganochlorinatedpesticidesinthewatershedwereinvestigatedaccordingtothegeographicaldistributionandtheisomerscharacteristicsforHCHsandmetabolitesofDDTs.Theratiosofα-HCHtoγ-HCHwererangedfrom0.29-1.38andindicatedthenewpollutionsourcesinthewatershed,forexamplethecontinualapplicationoflindan.TheoriginofDDTsshouldcomefromindustrialsourcesalongtheYangheRiver.Forexample,factoriesmanufac-turingorganochlorinatedpesticidesinrecentyearscoulddischargewastewater-containingDDTsintotheriver.Ourresultsshowedthattherewerehistoricalresiduesandrecentdischargesofor-ganochlorinatedpesticidesintothewatershed.Keywords:GuantingReservoir;YongdingheRiver;chlorinatedpesticides;pollution;spatialdistribution