学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 5

学术英语理工AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineeringUnitContents1Definition2Twotypesofresearchpaper3Writinganintroduction4Writingthebodyofasecondaryresearchessay5Writingthebodyofaprimaryresearchessay6Writingadiscussionor/andconclusion7Writinganabstract8Writingareferencelist9Academicwritingstyle10Proofreading11ListeningUnit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionTask1Text15GeneticallyModifiedFoods—FeedtheWorld?Text16InfluenceofGeneticallyModifiedSoyaontheBirthWeightandSurvivalofRatPupsText17ClinicalRiskAssessmentofGMFoodsTask2Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1Text15isanordinaryessaywhiletext16and17areresearcharticles.2Forexample,Text16and17usemanypreviousfindingsandhavetheirabstractsandreferencelists,allofwhichText15lacks.Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionUnit5WritinganAcademicEssayAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText151Definition1Whatdoes“thegeneticisoutofthebottle”meanaccordingtotheauthor?Theauthormeansthatinfact,geneticallymodifiedfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText152Howcanbiotechhelp?Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedricethatisfortifiedwithbetacarotene—whichthebodyconvertsintovitaminA—andadditionaliron,andtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributiontopests,drought,poorsoil,andcropviruses,bacteriaorfungi.Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText153Whydoestheauthorthinkthatbiotechisfarfromthewholeanswer?Indevelopingcountries,lostcropsareonlyonecauseofhunger.Povertyplaysthelargestrole.Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——c10——d1——b2——i3——e4——f6——h7——g8——a9——jUnit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.1(基因上地)engineering2advantages(比……重要)disadvantagesgreatly3(基础设施)construction4(统计)analysis5willsoon(解决)allthedifficulties6(金融的)institution7(严格的)discipline8(点燃)theflamesofrevolution9bein(合作)withyourpartner10a(n)(绝望的)cryforhelp11(改变)thebadhabitgeneticallyoutweighinfrastructurestatisticsresolvefinancialrigoroussparkcollaborationdesperatealterUnit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.12resourcesof(可耕种的)land13(缓和)criticismwithreason14(游说……以争取)forthefunds15Heisatthe(领先地位).16a(n)(一系列)ofinformation17be(缺乏的)innutrition18be(限制)toadults19(没有根据的)suspicions20Coalcanbe(使转变)togas.21a(n)(毁灭性的)hurricane22(主要的)exportsofthiscountry23(转变)dreamintorealitycultivabletemperlobbyleading-edgearraydeficientrestrictedunfoundedconverteddevastatingstapletransformUnit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph.True,GMfoodsare(已成为我们生活的一部分),andfarmers(迫切地想要)usethebiotechnologyas(能提高稻谷产量),yetweneedadeepphilosophicaldiscussionofitsimplication.Westillrememberthatwhenpesticideswerefirstintroduced,theyalsowerepraisedasabsolutelysafeandasamiraclecureforfarmers.(尽管这么多保证),decadeslaterthetechnologyrevealeditstruerlethalimplications.Hence,anytechnology(应该进行严格的测试)beforeitswideapplication.alreadyverymuchapartofourliveshaveastrongincentivetoitcanraiseoverallcropproductivityButforallthatpromisesubjectedtorigoroustestingshouldbeUnit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionEnhancingyouracademiclanguage1特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。2在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。3生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β-胡萝卜素——身体可将之转化为维生素A——和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText15intoChinese.Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText15intoChinese.4转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。5尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText161WhatarethethreestudygroupsintheinvestigationoftheinfluenceofGMsoyaonthebirthrateandsurvivaloftheoffspringofWistarrats?①AgroupoffemaleratsfedbyGMsoyaflourbeforematingandpregnancy;②Acontrolgroupoffemalesfedbytraditionalsoya;③Apositivecontrolgroupreceivedfeedwithoutanysoya.Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText162WhatarethefourmainsourcesofhazardsofGMOthatarediscussedbyscientistsworldwide?1)thoseduetothenewgenes,andgeneproductsintroduced;2)unintendedeffectsinherenttothetechnology;3)interactionsbetweenforeigngenesandhostgenes;4)thosearisingfromthespreadoftheintroducedgenesbyordinarycross-pollinationaswellasbyhorizontalgenetransfer.Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay1DefinitionAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText163WhatarethetwopossiblefactorsthatthenegativeeffectofGMsoyaonthenewbornpupscouldbemediated?Firstly,itcanbetheresultoftransformation,andinsertionoftheforeigngenes,whichcouldenterintothesexual/stemcells,or/andintocellsofthefetus,asitwasobservedbySchubbertetal.(1998).Secondly,negativeeffectofGMsoyacouldbemediatedbytheaccumulationofRoundupresiduesinGMsoyare