学术英语introduction

EnglishforAcademicPurposesSchoolofForeignLanguages,CSUCourseIntroductionWhatisEAP1TeachingPurposes2CourseContent3Assessment4WhatisEAPEnglishforacademicpurposes(EAP)entailstrainingstudents,usuallyinahighereducationsetting,touselanguageappropriatelyforstudy.Itisachallengingandmulti-facetedareawithinthewiderfieldofEnglishlanguagelearningandteaching(ELT),andisoneofthemostcommonformsofEnglishforspecificpurposes(ESP).AnEAPprogramfocusesinstructiononskillsrequiredtoperforminanEnglish-speakingacademiccontextacrosscoresubjectareasgenerallyencounteredinauniversitysetting.EAPcoursesareintendedtoraisestudents'generalEnglishlevelsinacademicfieldwhichcanhelpthemwiththeirfurtherstudyorwork.Incommonwithmostlanguageteaching,EAPinstructionteachesvocabulary,grammarandthefourskills(reading,writing,speakingandlistening),butusuallytriestotiethesetothespecificstudyneedsofstudents;forexample,awritinglessonwouldfocusonwritingessaysratherthan,say,businessletters.Similarly,thevocabularychosenforstudytendstobebasedonacademictexts.Inaddition,EAPpractitionersoftenfindthat,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,theyareteachingstudyskillsandoftenhavingtotackledifferencesineducationalculture,suchasdifferingattitudestoplagiarism.教育部在《大学英语课程教学要求》（２００７）中明确规定：较高要求的英语教学要注重培养学生的学术听力和学术阅读能力，要求学生“能基本听懂用英语讲授的专业课程”，“能阅读所学专业的综述性文献”；更高要求的英语教学要求学生“能听懂用英语讲授的专业课程和英语讲座”，“能在国际会议和专业交流中宣读论文并参加讨论”，“能比较顺利地阅读所学专业的英语文献和资料”，“能用英语撰写所学专业的简短的报告和论文”。TeachingPurposesTogetstudentstoknowsomebasicknowledgeandgraspsomeskillsinacademicactivitiesTeachingPurposesTohelplearnersthink,presentandhencecommunicateinanacademicwayTeachingContentscommunicationlisteningreadingwritingspeakingTeachingcontentsReading(skimmingandscanning;guessingwordmeaning;identifyingthestructureofthetext;takingnotes;summarizing;readingcritically)Writing(choosingtopic;literaturereview;academicListening(listentoacademiclectures)Speaking(discussion,presentation)Communication(seminars,internationalconferences)ContentsAbridgetofacilitatestudents’studyofbilingualcoursesoftheirmajor;Trainstudentstoachievesuccessinahighereducationsetting;Teachstudentsthemostusefullanguagestudyskills(reading,writing,speakingandlistening);Emphasizecriticalthinkingandinquiryinacademicsubjectslikemath,science,physicsorEnglishliterature;Helpstudentslearnabouttheirchosendestinationoracademicconcernandwhattoexpectwhentheygetthere.FocusReferences《学术英语（理工）》（AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineering)主编:蔡基刚外语教学与研究出版社《学术英语（社科）》（AcademicEnglishforSocialSciences)主编：季佩英张颖外语教学与研究出版社JournalofEnglishforAcademicPurposes（TheJournalofEnglishforAcademicPurposesprovidesaforumforthedisseminationofinformationandviewswhichenablespractitionersofandresearchersinEAP.)Editors:L.Hamp-Lyons,P.ThompsonUnit1ChoosingaTopicUnit2SearchingforInformationUnit3ListeningtoLecturesUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewUnit5WritinganAcademicEssayUnit6MakinganOralPresentationAssessmentAttendanceClassPerformanceTermPaperFinalscore(3credits)Example:ReadingReadthefollowingmaterials,listasmanydifferencesasyoucanbetweenthefollowingtwoarticlesaboutdream,oneintheformofaspeechandtheotheranessay.Whatwouldyouexpectforthetwoarticlestobeofyourinterest?Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,thesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Twodifferentschoolsofthoughtexistastowhywedream:thephysiologicalschool,andthepsychologicalschool.Both,however,agreethatwedreamduringtheREM,orrapideyemovement,phaseofsleep.Duringthisphaseofsleep,ourclosedeyesdartrapidlyabout,ourbrainactivitypeaks,andourmusclessuffertemporaryparalysis.Thephysiologicaltheorycentersuponhowourbody,specificallyourbrains,functionduringtheREMphaseofsleep.Proponentsofthistheorybelievethatwedreamtoexercisethesynapses,orpathways,betweenbraincells,andthatdreamingtakesoverwheretheactiveandawakebrainleavesoff.Whenawake,ourbrainsconstantlytransmitandreceivemessages,whichcoursethroughourbillionsofbraincellstotheirappropriatedestinations,andkeepourbodiesinperpetualmotion.Dreamsreplacethisfunction.Psychologicaltheoristsofdreamsfocusuponourthoughtsandemotions,andspeculatethatdreamsdealwithimmediateconcernsinourlives,suchasunfinishedbusinessfromtheday,orconcernsweareincapableofhandlingduringthecourseoftheday.Dreamscan,infact,teachusthingsaboutourselvesthatweareunawareof.Example:ListeningAcademicEnglishforAcademicPurposes--BBCSupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroad,whatproblemswouldyouhave?Listentoseveralstudentstalkabouttheirproblemswhenst