合同翻译(重点)

TranslationofContracts（重点）8.1BasicConceptofContractAnagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatisenforceablebylaw,alegallyenforceableandlegallybindingagreement.Contractisalegallyenforceableagreement.99年中国《合同法》:ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.合同英语属于庄重文体（frozenstyle），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。Arecentdefinitionofcontractis“therelationsamongpartiestotheprocessofprojectingexchangeintothefuture.”Oneofthemeritsofthisdefinitionisthatitstressesthatacontractestablishesaninterrelationshipamongthecontractingpartiesthatisbroaderthantheirpromisesandagreement.8.2TheStructureofaContract/StandardizingtheStructure8.2.1Preambleofacontract8.2.2Mainbodyofacontract8.2.3Finalclausesofacontract/witnessclauseHowtocheckthecontracts?*ValidityClauseofContracts*DefinitionandWhereas*AssignmentandGuaranty*RescissionandTermination*DefaultandEscape*ArbitrationandJurisdiction8.2.1Preambleofacontract国际商务合同的前言部分，主要包括两个方面的内容：其一，说明合同签订的时间、地点以及合同双方的名称、营业地点、依某国某法成立和存在。其二，“鉴于条款”（whereasclause），说明签订合同的背景情况以及签约的目的和原则。Example:(1)THISCONTRACT,madeandenteredintoin(placeofsignature)onthis__dayof__,20__,本合同于20__年__月__日在（签约地点）byandbetween(nameoftheparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofcountry)withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA),由按（国家名称）法律组建成立的，营业地点在（公司地址）的_________公司（以下称作甲方）and(nameoftheparty),acompanyincorporatedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofcountry)withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)，和按（国家名称）法律注册成立的、营业地点在（公司地址）的____________公司（以下简称乙方）共同签订.Exe.本合同由中国ABC公司，总公司设于中国上海（以下简称卖方）与美国XYZ公司，总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市（以下简称买方）于1998年3月29日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物：Thiscontractismadethis29thdayofMarch,1998inShanghai,ChinabyandbetweenABCCorporation.China(hereinafterreferredtoas“Seller”),aCorporationhavingitsprincipalofficeinShanghai,Chinawhoagreestosell,andXYZCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoas“Buyer”),aCorporationhavingitsprincipalofficeinNewYork,USA,whoagreestobuythefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow:Exe.本合同由AA公司（以下称买方）和BB有限公司（以下称卖方）于2007年8月8日签定。凭此，买方同意购买、卖方同意出售本货物，其条款如下:ThisContractismadeonAugust8th,2007byandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoas“theBuyer”)andBBLtd.(hereinafterreferredtoas“theSeller”)wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasfollows:PreambleofaContract双方同意按下述条款买卖下列货物.Bothpartiesagreetobuyandsellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow.买方同意购买、卖方同意出售本货物，其条款如下.TheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasfollows.WITNESSETHTHAT兹证明：WHEREASPartyAhasbeenaleadingtradingcompanyinthefieldofthesaidproductsandiswillingtoarrangethemanufacture,assemblyandmarketingofthesaidproducts,and鉴于____________________________________________________________WHEREASbothpartiesaredesiroustoestablishajointventurecompanytomanufacture,assembleandmarketthesaidproducts.鉴于_____________________________________________________________NOW,THEREFORE,inconsiderationofthepremisesandmutualcovenantshereincontained,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:(NOW,therefore,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:)故双方经协商一致同意如下：8.2.2.Mainbodyofacontract①定义条款（Definitionclause)②基本条款（Basicconditions)③一般条款（Generaltermsandconditions)a.合同有效期限（Duration)b.终止(Termination)c.不可抗力（ForceMajeure)d.合同的让与（Assignment)e.仲裁（Arbitration)f.适用法律（governinglaw)g.诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction)h.通知手续（Notice)i.合同的修改（Amendment)j.其他（Others)Example2:Arbitration:AlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshouldbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.一切因执行本合同引起的争议，均应由双方友好协商解决。Shouldnosettlementbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallbesubmittedforarbitrationintheCountrywherethedefendantresides.如协商不能解决，则应提交仲裁，仲裁应在被告所在国进行。IfthearbitrationtakesplaceinChina,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,ShanghaiandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.如仲裁在中国，应提交上海中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其仲裁规则进行仲裁。IfthearbitrationtakesplaceintheUSA,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionofCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,N.Y.andthearbitrationrulesofthisarbitrationorganizationshallbeapplied.如仲裁在美国，应提交纽约国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其仲裁规则进行仲裁。Theawardofthearbitrationshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornbythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythearbitrationorganization.该仲裁委员会的裁决为终局性的，对双方均有约束力，仲裁费用，除非仲裁委员会另有裁定，即由败方承担。Example1:Penalty：(1)FailuretoMakeTimelyDelivery未按期交货.IntheeventtheSellerforitsownsakefailstomakedeliveryofallthegoodsontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theSellershallpayapenaltytotheBuyer.如果卖方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期交付全部货物，卖方应向买方支付违约金。(2)FailuretoTimelyOpentheLetterofCredit未按期开立信用证IntheeventthattheBuyerforitsownsakefailstoopentheLetterofCreditontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theBuyershallpayapenaltytotheSeller.如果买方由于自身原因未能按合同规定及时开立信用证，买方应支付卖方违约金。Arbitration仲裁:有关本合同买卖双方之间所引起的任何纠纷，争议,或歧见,可付诸仲裁..Arbi