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初中英语被动语态特殊用法•一.何时使用被动语态•英语中,大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是,被动语态也有其特殊的用途,它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:。•1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态•Scientistssaythatworkisdonewheneveraforcemoves.科学家们说,力移动时就做了功。•2.强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态•Ifyoubreaktheschoolrules,youwillbepunished.如果你违反校规,你将受到惩罚。•3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态•Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriving.许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。•4.修辞的需要,使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称•Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.•他出现在舞台上,受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。•5.为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态•You’vebeentoldmanytimesnottomakethesamemistake.你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。•6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态,在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性•Thewest-eastgaspipelineprojectwaskickedoffonJuly4,abigeventinthenation’swestdevelopmentcampaign.西气东输工程7月4日全线开工,这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。•7.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态•Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个城市。•常用于被动语态的动词有•born(出生)、situate(坐落于)、build(建造)、break(打破)、publish(出版)等。•二.使用被动语态时的主意事项•1.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动•Theboygothurtonhiswaytoschool.这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。•类似短语•getburnt(着火)、getkilled(被杀)、gethurt(受伤)、getlost(迷路)•getdressed(穿衣服)、getchanged(变化)、getmarried(结婚)、getwashed(洗)等。•2.带双宾语动词的被动语态•1)、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语),这类动词主要的有:buy,give,lend,pay,show,teach,tell,offer,leave,award等:•他给了她一些钱。•主动:Hegavehersomemoney.(正)•被动:Shewasgivensomemoneybyhim.(正)•被动:Somemoneywasgiventoherbyhim.(正)•2)、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,通常要用直接宾语作主语,这类动词主要的有:do,make,pass,sell,sing,write等:他给她写了封信。主动:Hewroteheraletter.(正)被动:Aletterwaswritten(to)herbyhim.(正)被动:Shewaswrittenaletterbyhim.(少见)•3)、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,通常要用间接宾语作主语,这类动词主要的有:answer,refuse,save,spare,deny,envy等:他们不允许我入场。主动:Theyrefusedmeadmittance.(正)被动:Iwasrefusedadmittancebythem.(正)被动:Admittancewasrefusedmebythem.(少见)•3.有些“动词+介词/副词”构成的固定动词短语,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性,不可分开。•例句•主动语态:Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheoldandthechildren.我们应该照顾好老人和小孩。•被动语态:Theoldandthechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.•4.英语中,有些动词接不带to的不定式做宾补,但是当它们变为被动语态时,要把to加上去。•例句主动语态:Thebossmadethemworktwelvehourseveryday.老板让他们每天工作十二小时。被动语态:Theyweremadetoworktwelvehourseveryday.•可接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有•let(让)、have(使)、see(看)、notice(注意)、watch(观看)、listento(听)•hear(听)、observe(观察)、feel(感觉)等。•5、表示客观的说明常用Itis+过去分词.句型。•ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。•Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是个间谍。•其它常见的Itis+过去分词+that句型还有•Itisreportedthat…据报道•Itissaidthat…据说•Itisbelievedthat…大家相信•Itissuggestedthat…有人建议•6、动词的主动形式表示被动之意•以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词,如:look,feel,smell等。下列动词没有被动式:happen,cost,take,have•Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×)昨天发生了一起事故。•Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.()•Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。•Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。•Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。•7.在表示“需要”的动词need,want,require之后,作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:•Theteachingplanrequiresfurtherdiscussing.教学计划需要进一步讨论。•Themachineneedsrepairing.这个机器需要修理。•8.在“beworthdoing”结构中,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:•Themovieisworthseeingtwice.这部影片值得看两遍•9.在句型“sth.+vi.+adv.”中,象wish,sell,write,lock,open,close,last等不及物动词,用主动形式表示某物的某种属性。例如:•Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandsellswell.这种布料容易洗,好卖。•10一些及物动词,如read,act,write,feel,sell,wear,wash,open,shout,clean,cook,keep,play,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,allow,run,record,begin等,在主语是物的句子里时,常用主动形式表被动意义。例如:•Thestory-booksellswell.•这本故事书很畅销。•Thispenwritessmoothly.•这支钢笔很好用。•Themachinerunswell.•机器运转良好。•11、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如arrive,die,become,disappear,happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto等。例如:•1)TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.•在1861年美国内战爆发了。•2)Theaccidentwhichtookplacelastweeksurprisedus.•上星期发生的事件使我们很惊讶。•12、当谓语动词为say,report,think,believe,expect,know,consider,suppose等的句子变被动语态时,有两种形式:•A.用it作形式主语,而真正的主语用从句的形式来表达,句型为:Itissaid/reported/supposed/believedthat…(据说/据报道/据推测/有人相信……)。例如:•Peoplesaythatheisadoctor.→Itissaidthatheisadoctor.•据说他是个医生。•B.谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。例如:•Peoplesaythatheisadoctor.→Heissaidtobeadoctor.巩固练习•Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:•1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.•2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.•3.Whendidtheybuildthehouse?•4.Isawtheboyentertheroom.•5.Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?•6.Havetheypostedtheletteryet?•7.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.•8.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed.•9.Whoisrepairingthebike?•10.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.Ⅱ.选择填空:•1.Thereadingroom________yesterdayafternoon.•A.cleanedB.iscleaned•C.wascleaningD.wascleaned•2.Theworkersweremade________tenhoursaday.•A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked•3.Food________inacoolplaceinsummer.•A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeep•C.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept•4.Hisfather________toworkinHongKong3yearsago.•A.sentB.wassent•C.hassentD.hasbeensent•5.Thepen________well.•A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing•6.Greatchanges________inthetownsince1988.•A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace•C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace•7.Ourcompositionsmust________nextMonday.•A.behandinB.behandedin•C.handedinD.behandingin•8.Thechildwill________backtohisparentsnextmonth.•A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending•9.________hiswork________yet?•A.have…beenfinishedB.has…beenfinished•C.has…finishedD.have…finished•10.Theclassroom________now•A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning•C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleanedⅢ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:•1.Canhe________(speak)English?•2.Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry?•3.Thefilm________(show)
本文标题:初中英语被动语态特殊用法
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