基于单片机控制的直流电机PWM调速系统设计

毕业设计题目：院、系：姓名：指导教师：系主任：年月日哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文I单片机控制直流电机脉宽调速系统设计摘要本文介绍一种基于单片机控制的直流电机脉宽调速系统。系统以廉价的51单片机为控制核心，以直流电机为控制对象。从系统的角度出发，对电路进行总体方案论证设计，确定电路各个的功能模块之间的功能衔接和接口设置，详细分析了各个模块的方案论证和参数设置。整个系统利用51单片机的定时器产生10KH左右的脉宽脉冲，通过带有功率驱动作用的TLP250光耦实现控制单元与驱动单元的强弱电隔离，采用2个IGBT和MOSFET等一类电压型功率开关管专用驱动芯片IR2110，驱动IGBT—FGA25N120构成的H桥电路实现对直流电机的调速，利用TL431、线性光耦PC817和AD0832构成的电压采集单元实现系统的闭环控制，提高整个系统的智能化、自动化水平，为工业生产应用提供可能。关键词单片机；PWM；光耦隔离；IGBT哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IIThePWMspeedregulatingsystemofDCmotorbasedonSCMAbstractThethesisintroducesaPWMspeedregulatingsystemofD.Cmotorbasedon51microcontroller.ThesystemisdesignedontheaffordableMC51mircocontrollerfortheD.C.motor.Fromthesystematicprespective,thethesisdescribesthecircuitdesignanditscomprehensiveevaluation,whichdetermineshowtodowiththefunctionallinkageandinterfacebetweenfunctionalmodulesintheelectriccircuit.Besides,theevaluationofeachmoduleandtheinvolvedparametersarefullyexplainedinthethesis.ThesystemusesMC51’stimertogenerate10kpluseandusesTLP250opticalcouplertorealizethestrongandweakoptoelectronicisolationbetweenthecontrolunitsanddrivingunits.TheimplementofthespeedregulationbytheH-bridgecircuitswhichareconstructedbyvoltage-basedpowerswitchingtransistorsandspecificIR2110,IGBT-FGA25N120DrivingChips,includingtwoIGBTandMOSFETchips.AndtheVoltageAcquisitionCollectionofTL431,PC817LinearOpticcouplerandAD0832isdesginedtodotheclosed-loopcontrolinthesystem.Theaboveconsiderationsfinallyhelptoimproveintelligentizationandautomationoftheoverallsystemandgivethepossibilitytotheindustrialapplication.KeywordsMC51；PWM；opticalcoupler’sisolation；IGBT哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文III目录摘要...............................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................................................11.1前言........................................................................................................11.2直流电动机调速概述............................................................................11.2.1直流电机调速原理.....................................................................11.2.2直流调速系统实现方式.............................................................31.3直流调速系统实现方式........................................................................4第2章系统总体方案论证.................................................................................62.1系统方案比较........................................................................................62.2系统方案描述........................................................................................6第3章硬件电路的设计.....................................................................................83.1逻辑延时电路方案设计........................................................................83.2驱动电路方案设计................................................................................93.2.1驱动电路方案描述.....................................................................93.2.2IR2110驱动电路中IGBT抗干扰设计....................................103.3IR2110功率驱动介绍..........................................................................113.3.1IR2100内部结构原理图及管脚说明.......................................113.3.2IR2110的自举电路..................................错误!未定义书签。3.3.3IGBTH桥驱动电路原理..........................................................123.4隔离电路方案论证设计......................................................................133.4.1TLP250光耦隔离......................................................................133.4.2PC817数据采集隔离................................................................143.5数据采集、过压反馈保护..................................................................153.6稳压可调电源设计..............................................................................15第4章软件设计...............................................................................................174.1PWM信号发生电路设计....................................................................174.2程序流程图..........................................................................................174.3主要程序设计分析..............................................................................194.3.1定时器0中断服务函数...........................................................194.3.2占空比调节函数.......................................................................19结论.....................................................................................................................20致谢.....................................................................................................................21参考文献.............................................................................................................22附录.....................................................................................................................23哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文1第1章绪论1.1前言现在电气传动的主要方向之一是电机调速系统采用微处理器实现数字化控制。从上世纪80年代中后期起，世界各大电气公司如ABB、通用、西屋、西门子等都在竞相开发数字式调速传动装置，经过二十几年的发展，当前直流调速已发展到一个很高的技术水平：功率元件采用可控硅；控制板采用表面安装技术；控制方式采用电源换相、相位控制。特别是采用了微处