十种中草药提取物杀棉铃虫活性的研究

ANYANGINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY本科毕业论文十种中草药提取物杀棉铃虫活性的研究StudyoninfluenceofHelicoverpaarmigeraactivityforextractionoftenChineseherbalmedicine学院名称：生物与食品工程学院专业班级：2009级生物技术学生姓名：李飞龙学号：200906060051指导教师姓名：孙九光指导教师职称：讲师2013年5月毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得安阳工学院及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作者签名：日期：指导教师签名：日期：使用授权说明本人完全了解安阳工学院关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名：日期：目录中文摘要、关键词····································································································I英文摘要、关键词··································································································III引言··························································································································1第1章绪论········································································································31.1植物源农药的定义·····························································································31.2植物源农药研究的意义······················································································31.3植物源农药的种类·····························································································41.4植物源杀虫剂的作用机理················································································51.5植物源农药的研究进展及前景···········································································5第2章材料与方法································································································92.1材料·················································································································92.2方法·················································································································92.2.1棉铃虫培养和分离··························································································92.2.2各类提取液制备·····························································································92.2.3杀虫试验·······································································································10第3章结果及分析······························································································113.1空白试验········································································································113.2不同溶剂提取液杀棉铃虫效果··········································································113.3不同方法提取液杀棉铃虫效果·········································································133.4胡黄连、狗脊水煮提取物的萃取分离液杀棉铃虫效果········································133.5分析···············································································································14结论······················································································································17参考文献··················································································································19致谢························································································································21I十种中草药提取物杀棉铃虫活性的研究摘要：通过对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的直接触杀试验，研究了10种中草药在采用不同提取溶剂和不同提取手段条件下所得提取物的杀棉铃虫活性。结果表明：胡黄连、狗脊、木香、蛇床子、石榴皮、瞿麦、吴茱萸、甘草、花椒和艾蒿10种中草药提取物具有较强的杀棉铃虫活性，并且胡黄连、木香、蛇床子和石榴在多种提取方式下均能提取出较强的杀棉铃虫活性成分，其中胡黄连和狗脊的水煮提取物经过石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取后，所得活性萃取物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫72h内的LC50值分别为81.44mg·L-1、67.37mg·L-1。关键词：中草药提取物棉铃虫IIIIISdudyoninfluenceofHelicoverpaarmigeraactivityforextractionoftenChineseherbalmedicineAbatract：Throughdirectcontacttocottonbollwormlarvaekilled2tests,studiedtenkindsofherbsindifferentextractionsolventandextractionmethodundertheconditionofdifferentextractsofkillingbollwormactivity.Theresultsshowthat:picrorhizarhizome,Rhizomacibotii,RadixAucklandiae,commoncnidiumfruit,pomegranate,DianthusSuperbus,Evodiarutaecarpa,licorice,pepperandmugwort10kindsofherbalextractshadstrongerkillingbollwormactivity,andpicrorhizarhizome,costusroot,commoncnidiumfruitandguavainvariousextractionmethodcanextractkillingbollwormactiveingredients,whichboiledextractofRhizomaPicrorhizaeandRhizomacibotiibypetroleumether,ethylacetateandbutanolextraction,theactivityofextractsof2instarlarvaeofcottonbollwormin72hLC.Valueswere81.44mg·L-1,67.37mg·L-1.Keywords：Chineseherbalmedicine;Extraction;CottonbollwormIV1引言中草药是中医所使用的独特药物，也是中医区别于其他医学的重要标志。中国人民对中草药的探索经历了几千年的历史。相传，神农尝百草，首创医药，神农被尊为“药皇”。中草药主要由植物药（根、茎、叶、果）、动物药（内脏、皮、骨、器官等）和矿物药组成。因植物药占中药的大多数，所以中药也称中草药，我们此次研究所选取的十种中草药也都是植物性中草药。目前，各地使用的中药已达5000种左右，把各种药材相配伍而形成的方剂，更是数不胜数。“中草药提取物”是以植物动物等中草药材为原料，在中医药理论的指导下，按照对提取的最终产品的用途的需要，经过物理化学提取分离过程，定向获取和浓集植物动物等中草药材中的某一种或多种有效成分，而不改变其有效成分结构而形成的化合物产品。棉铃虫作为一种病原性农害，为广泛分布于世界各地、危害农作物最严重的病原生物之一。国外20世纪80年代就已经开展了大量植物源杀棉铃虫活性药剂的研究，尤其是随着标志植物源农药又被重新大力推广和应用的印楝素的发现和成功合成，植物源药剂对棉铃虫的致死活性研究被一步步推向更广的资源搜集、更深的机理研究方向发展。但是我国近代系统的针对杀棉铃虫活性的植物源药剂进行研究的文献报道仅起于20世纪90年代初期。随后，我国植物源杀棉铃虫活性药剂的研究逐步由学习和引入转变到实验性筛选和生理变化研究方面上来。本研究选取了在中国传统中草药中具有杀虫效果的10种中草药植物，通过直接触杀实验研究其不同溶剂和不同提取手段条件下所得提取物的杀棉铃虫活性。我本次研究的课题就是利用中草药提取物杀棉铃虫活性，利用中国传统医学来解决农业方面的疑