英语基本概念梳理

英语基本概念梳理2004-8-19词法学习1。动词（1）行为动词①Istayedathomeanddidsomework.我呆在家里做些事。②I’vejusthadacoffee,thanks.谢谢，我刚刚用过咖啡。③Ithasnotyetbeenannouncedwhowilljudgethecase.谁来判这个案子还没有宣布。④Idon’tknowhowtodressright.我不知道怎样穿着得体。⑤Don’texpectmoneytobuyyouhappiness.别指望拿金钱去买快乐。⑥Hewaskilleddoinghisduty.他以身殉职。⑦Organizationshopetoimprovethepublic’senvironmentalawareness.⑧Cancerstrikesineverycountryintheworld.癌症袭击全球各国。.组织者希望提高公众的环境意识。（2）持续动词②Shakespearelivedfrom1564to1616.①Wewatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.莎士比亚生于1564年，死于1616年。我们注视着火车直到它在远处消失。③Sheworeanewdressfortheceremony.她为参加庆典穿了一身新装。④Ihopeitdoesn’traintomorrow.我希望明天不要下雨。⑤Hecameroundearlierbutheonlystayedforafewminutes.他来得比较早可是只呆了几分钟。⑥Ireadaboutitinthismorning’snewspaper.我是在今天的早报上读到这个消息的。（3）及物动词①Shespreadaclothoverthetable.她铺了一张桌布。②Ilethimhavemywatchforhiscamera.我让他的相机和我的手表交换了一下。③Itpuzzledmewhysheagreedtocomewhensheissobusy.我奇怪她既然那么忙为什么同意来。④Ifyouknowtheanswerraiseyourhand.如果知道答案就举手。⑤Thedoctortoldmetogetmoresleep.医生告诉我要多睡眠。（4）不及物动词①Waitoutsidethedooruntilyouareaskedtogetin.在外面等着，叫你进来，你再进来。②Itpouredwithrainthroughoutthenight.整夜大雨瓢泼。③Thesunriseswhenitappearsabovethehorizon.太阳从地平线上升起。④Bombswerefallingonthecityallnight.整夜向这座城市投弹。⑤Youcan’texpectthemoneytoappearfromnowhere.不能要来路不明的钱。⑥Icouldseepeoplemovingtoandforinthesquare.我看到人们在广场上来来往往。⑦We’rehopingforgoodweather,ofcourse.我们当然希望好天气。⑧Sheoftenwishedforaquieterlife.她总是希望过上安静一点的生活。（5）及物与不及物动词①ThechildrengreatlydesiretocometoBeijing.孩子们最大的愿望是来北京。②Hepromised(me)nottointerfere.他答应不予干扰。③Writemewhentimepermits.时间允许的话写封信来。（6）反身动词①Theydressedthemselveslikethevillagers.他们打扮成村民。②Thelittlegirlhidherselfinthebigbox.小姑娘把自己藏在大箱子里。③Youmayhelpyourselftothebooksontheshelf.书在架子上，你自己拿。（7）系动词①Hewentachildbutreturnedanoldman.他走时还是孩童，归时已是老人。②Whatyousaidsoundsallright.你说的听上去还不错。③Theproblemseemsquitesimple.这个问题似乎挺简单。④Theplanprovedpracticable.这个计划证明可行。⑤Don’tmarrytooyoung.结婚不要太早。⑥MrWangLuobin’sstoryhaslongremainedamystery.王洛宾的故事很久以来是个谜。（8）表感觉知觉动词①Icouldsmellhehadbeensmoking.我能闻出他抽烟。②Mylegachedafterlongtrip.走长路后我的腿疼。③I’msorry;IhopeIdidn’thurtyou.?对不起，我没有伤害你吧？（9）表心理动词①Itisunderstoodthatyouwillcome.相信你会来的。②Icanimaginethesceneclearlyinmymind.我可以清楚地想象出这一景象。③Idon’tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。④Youcan’tbelievehowbadlyhedrives.你无法相信他开车技术有多糟。⑤Isupposeweoughttowaittillshearrives.我想我们应该等她来。（10）表关系动词①Sheownsacarbutrarelydrivesit.她有一辆轿车但很少开。②Hasthisprojectbeencost?这项工程估价了吗？③Whodoesthehousebelongto?这房子属于谁？④Hecouldn’tprovethatthecrimeisrelatedtoher.⑤Sheoftenreferredtoyouintheletters.她常在信中提起你。他不能证明罪行与她有关。（11）表情感动词①We’dloveyoutocometodinner.我们很愿意你来吃饭。②Hecaredforherdeeply.他深深地爱着她。③Idetesthimcomplaining.我极讨厌他发牢骚。④Idislikehisdoingit.我不喜欢他做这事。⑤Myhusbandhatesgoingshopping.我丈夫讨厌逛商场。⑥Sheisasweetwomen,whoaskedfornothingbuttoloveandcherishherhusband.她是一个温柔的女人，除了疼爱丈夫别无所求。（12）短语动词①Icameacrossaninterestingarticleinamagazine.我在一本杂志上偶尔看到一篇有趣的文章。②We’lllookintothematterthoroughly.我们要彻底调查这件事。③Theprizeis500dollars,whichworksouttoabout4,000yuan.奖品是500美元，折合人民币约为4000元。④Myrentwaspaidforsixmonthsinadvance.我预付出了六个月的房租。⑤Thetricksweremeanttobeseenonlyonce.这种把戏只能玩一次。⑥Thereareonlyfourtochoosefrom.只有四种选择。⑦Hefinallycaughtasightofthevillage.他终于看到了村庄⑧Wearetakingproperadvantageofouropportunity.我们在适当地利用机会。⑨I’llbeabsentfromworktomorrow.我明天不上班。⑩Ikeptupwithmanyofmyoldclassmates.我和老同学保持着联系。2．动词时态①Trafficaccidentsusuallyhappenwhenpeoplearenotcarefulenough.人们不够注意往往造成交通事故。②Hedisappearedfromourlives43yearsago.他43年前就不知去向。③Don’teatsomanysweets,oryourteethwillgetworse.不要吃很多甜食，那样牙齿会坏。④Shesaidshewouldbuyabetterhouseforherparents她说她要给父母买一套好点的住房。⑤I’vecomeonlyforafewmoments.我已到了一会儿。⑥Theywillhavereceivedmyemailnow.他们此时会收到我的email。⑦Itwasrainingheavilythen.那时正下着大雨。⑦Itwasrainingheavilythen.那时正下着大雨。⑧Iwonderwhatyouaredoingnow.我想知道你在干什么。⑨Childrenwillbetakingtheirholidayssoon.孩子们很快要放假。⑩Katetoldmethatherhusbandwouldbecomingnextday.卡特对我说她丈夫第二天要来。11.Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?你一直在干什么？12.Tomdiedlastnight,hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.别着急，他会很快把所有这一切忘记的。13.Don’tworry,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutitsoon.别着急，他会很快把所有这一切忘记的。14.Hetoldusthatthepartywouldhavearrivedbytwoo’clock.他告诉我这一行人两点钟以前到达。15.Ishallhavebeenworkinginthecompanyfor4yearsbytheendofthisyear.到今年底我在本公司已经工作四年。16.Isupposethattheplaywouldhavebeenrunningbythen.我想那部话剧到时会上演。3．动词语态①Smokingisforbiddenhere.这里禁止吸烟。②Driverswerewarnednottobreaktherules.警告司机不要违规。③Wehopethatanagreementwillbearrivedat.我们希望能达成协议。④Theexperimenthasbeenplannedsince1994.自1994年就计划了这个实验。⑤Shelookedatthebooksthathadbeenplacedontheshelf.她看了看已经放在架子上的书。⑥Hesaidthebookwouldhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthismonth.他说这本书将在年底出版。⑦Whenwecalled,theteawasbeingserved.我们到的时候，正值上茶之际。⑧Thesickgirlisbeingtakengoodcareof.这个病女孩在受到很好地看护。⑨Wastethingsmustn’tbethrownawayeverywhere.废物不能到处乱扔。⑩Itcouldbeseenthathewasexcited.看得出来他很激动。4．助动词①Donottouchtheexhibits.不要触动展览品。②Haveyougottheticketsfortrain?你拿到火车票了吗？③Eachcitizenshallcarryhisidentificationcardwhentraveling.每个公民出行都要带身份证。④HowcanIgettothezoo?怎样去动物园？④⑤Beijingerswillshowyouthewaytothestation.北京人会指给你去车站的路。⑥Wouldyoutellmeyournewaddress?告诉我你的地址好吗？5．情态动词①BeijingcanbeveryhotinJuly.七月的北京很热。②Youmayphonetheoffice.你