啤酒废水处理工艺

I摘要随着人民生活水平的不断提高，我国的啤酒工业发展迅速，啤酒产量有了较大幅度的增长，已成为世界五大啤酒生产国之一。至目前为止全国啤酒年产量超过2500万吨，居世界首位。啤酒废水中有机物含量较高，如直接排放，既污染环境又降低啤酒工业的原料利用率，为此，许多学者和厂家对啤酒废水的处理和利用技术进行研究，对几种常见的处理利用技术进行了比较，得出结论：单一的处理和利用技术不能从根本上解决啤酒废水的污染问题，只有将多种技术结合使用，才能达到经济效益和环境效益的统一。此外啤酒废水中BOD5/CODcr值高，在50％及以上，非常有利于生化处理。同时生化处理与物理法、化学法相比较；一是处理工艺比较成熟；二是处理效率高，CODcr、BOD5去除率高，一般可达80％~90％以上；三是处理成本低（运行费用省）；经过对各种处理工艺的对比，最终选择UASB+CAST工艺作为处理工艺。该处理工艺具有结构紧凑简洁，运行控制灵活，抗冲击负荷，污泥量小等特点，实践表明该组合工艺处理性能可靠，投资少，运行管理简单的特点。为啤酒工业废水处理提供了一条可行途径。具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。关键词：啤酒废水，UASB,CASTIIAbstractWiththecontinuousimprovementoflivingstandards,China'sbeerindustryisdevelopingrapidly,beerproductionhasincreasedgreatly,hasbecomeoneoftheworld'sfivelargestproducerofbeer.Sofarthenationalbeeroutputmorethan25000000tons,rankingfirstintheworld.Theorganicmattercontentinbeerwastewaterishigh,suchasdirectemissions,notonlypollutetheenvironmentbutalsoreducethebeerindustryrawmaterialutilizationratio,therefore,formanyscholarsandmanufacturersofbeerwastewatertreatmentandutilizationoftechnology,severalcommontreatmentandutilizationtechnologyarecompared,theconclusion:technologycannotsolvetheprocessingandutilizationofsinglebeerwastewaterpollutionproblemfundamentally,onlythecombinationofvarioustechniques,inordertoachievetheunityofeconomicbenefitsandenvironmentalbenefits.Inaddition,thevalueofBOD5/CODcrofbrewerywastewaterishigh,inthe50%andabove,isveryconducivetobiochemicaltreatment.Atthesametime,biochemicaltreatmentandphysicalmethod,chemicalmethodarecompared;oneisprocessingtechnologymoremature;twoisthehightreatmentefficiency,highremovalrateofCODcr,BOD5,generallyupto80%~90%;threeisthelowprocessingcost(cost);aftercomparingthevarioustreatmentprocesses,thefinalselectionofUASB+CASTtechnologyasaprocess.Thisprocesshasacompactandsimplestructure,flexiblecontrol,shockresistance,smallamountofsludgecharacteristics,practiceshowsthatthecombinedprocessofreliableperformance,lowinvestment,simpleoperationandmanagementcharacteristics.Providesafeasiblewayforbeerindustrialwastewatertreatment.Withgoodeconomicbenefits,environmentalbenefitsandsocialbenefits.Keywords:beerwastewater,UASB,CASTIII目录1.绪论...............................................................12.设计资料...........................................................22.1原始数据......................................................22.2气象资料......................................................23.工艺的比较及选择...................................................33.1啤酒废水处理工艺..............................................33.1.1酸化—SBR法处理啤酒废水................................33.1.2UASB—好氧接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水.....................43.1.3新型接触氧化法处理啤酒废水..............................43.1.4生物接触氧化法处理啤酒废水..............................43.1.5内循环UASB反应器＋氧化沟工艺处理啤酒废水...............63.1.6UASB+SBR法处理啤酒废水..................................63.2本设计工艺的选择及流程........................................74.各处理构筑物的设计与计算...........................................94.1格栅的设计计算................................................94.1.1设计参数................................................94.1.2设计计算................................................94.2调节池的设计计算.............................................124.2.1设计参数...............................................124.2.2设计计算................................................124.3UASB反应器的设计计算........................................134.3.1设计参数................................................134.3.2设计计算...............................................134.4CAST池设计计算..............................................194.4.1设计参数...............................................194.4.2设计计算...............................................194.5污泥浓缩池的设计计算.........................................224.5.1设计参数...............................................234.5.2设计计算...............................................234.6污泥脱水.....................................................245.污水处理站布置....................................................255.1污水处理厂平面布置..........................................255.1.1污水处理站设施组成......................................255.1.2平面布置原则............................................255.1.3平面布置................................................265.2污水处理站高程布置...........................................285.2.1高程布置原则............................................285.2.2污水处理构筑物高程布置..................................285.2.3污泥处理构筑物高程布置..................................295.3污水泵站工艺设计............................................305.3.1设计依据................................................30IV5.3.2污水泵机组的选择........................................30结论................................................................32参考文献............................................................33致谢................................................................3411.绪论水是生命之源，是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础，是不可替代的宝贵资源。我国却是一个水资源十分短缺的国家，人均水资源占有量仅为世界平均水平的四分之一，严重制约着我国社会主义经济的发展。经济的腾飞是以环境的代价为前提的。随着近代我国社会主义经济的腾飞，社会主义工业呈现飞速发展，水资源污染尤其是工业废水污染也严重恶化。工业废水的污染以其污染大、污染物浓度高、废水排放量大、废水中含有多种有毒有害物质、废水成分复杂以及水量变化大等特点而成为目前我们所面临的主要问题。随着经济的快速发展，人民生活水平的提高，餐饮娱乐行业发展迅速，带动着我国啤酒产业的迅猛发展，其产量逐年上升，同时，也向环境中排放了大量的有机废水，