轮机英语lesson-4

ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xuemingLessonFourFuelOilSystemChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming4.1Newwordsandexpressions•Catalystn.催化剂•Catalytica.催化剂的•Cavitationn.气穴现象•Centrifugen.分油机•Componentn.成分，元件，构件•Consumptionn.消费，消费量•Contaminantn.杂质•Contaminatev.污染•Conventionala.惯例的，常规的，传统的•Deaeratev.除气，除氧ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Deliveryn.传递，输送•Deteriorationn.变坏，退化，变质•Flexibilityn.灵活性，变通性•Impurityn.杂质，混杂物，夹杂物•Incorporatev.a.合并的，组合，混合，一体化•Irrespectivea.不顾的，不考虑的•Occasionallyad.有时候，偶尔•Overflown.溢流•Overhauln.大修ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Particularlyad.独特地，显著地•Pressurizev.增压，密封，使……加压•Providedconj.倘若•Purifier/clarifiern.分水机/分杂机•Recommendationn.推荐，建议•Refineryn.炼油厂•Rustn.v铁锈，（使生锈）•Safeguardn.v维护，保护，保护装置，保护措施•Traditionala.传统的，惯例的•Black-out全船停电ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Boosterpump增压泵•Catalyticfine催化粉末•Gasway气道•Inparallel并联•Inseries串联•Inviewof考虑到，由于•Residualfuel残油•Spring-loaded弹簧回复的•Withregardto关于ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming4.2TextFueloilsystem燃油系统The“Unifuel”system单燃料系统•Thecommonsystemcoverstheentirefueloilflowfromstoragetanktoinjectionintotheenginecylinders.•普通(燃油)系统包括从燃料储存舱到气缸喷射的整个燃油流动过程。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Withregardtocentrifugerecommendation,fueloilsshouldalwaysbeconsideredascontaminatedupondeliveryandshouldthereforebethoroughlycleanedtoremovesolidaswellasliquidcontaminantsbeforeuse.•就离心分油机推荐使用而言，总是认为燃油在交付时是受到污染的，因此应当在使用前彻底净化以清除固体及液体污染物。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Thesolidcontaminantsinthefuelaremainlyrust,sand,dustandrefinerycatalysts.Liquidcontaminantsaremainlywater,i.e.eitherfreshwaterorsaltwater.•油中的固体污染物主要是铁锈、沙子、灰尘以及精炼过程中的催化剂。液体污染物主要是水即淡水或者海水。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Impuritiesinthefuelcancausedamagetofuelpumpsandfuelvalves，andcanresultinincreasedcylinderlinerwearanddeteriorationoftheexhaustvalveseats．•油中的杂质会致使燃油泵、喷油器损坏，导致缸套磨损加剧和排气阀座损毁。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Alsoincreasedfoulingifgaswaysandturbochargerbladesmayresultfromtheuseofinadequatelycleanedfueloil．•使用没有充分净化的燃油还可能会加剧气路和透平增压器叶面的脏污。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Effectivecleaningcanonlybeensuredbyusingacentrifuge．Resultsfromexperimentalworkonthecentrifugetreatmentoftoday’sresidualfuelqualitieshaveshownthatthebestcleaningeffect，particularlyinregardtotheremovalofcatalyticfines，isachievedwhenthecentrifugesareoperatedinseries，i．e．inpurifier／clarifiermode．•只有使用离心分油机才能保证燃油有效净化。最新的渣油离心处理的实验结果表明，尤其是存有分离催化粉末杂质时，离心分油机串联运行，即用分水机／分杂机串联模式，能达到最佳清洁效果。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Thisrecommendationisvalidforconventionalcentrifuges．Formoremoderntypes，suitablefortreatingfuelswithdensitieshigherthan991kg/m3at15℃．itisrecommendedtofollowthemaker’sspecificinstructions．•对于传统的离心分油机来说这个建议是正确的。对于更现代化的、可以处理在15℃时密度大于991kg／m3燃油的机型来说，应遵循制造商的具体说明。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Inviewofthefactthatsomefueloilstandardsincorporatefuelgradeswithoutadensitylimit，andalsothefactthatthetraditionallimitof991kg／m3at15℃isoccasionallyexceededonactualdeliveries,someimprovementsinthecentrifugingtreatmenthavebeenintroducedtoenablethetreatmentoffuelswithhigherdensity．•考虑到某些燃油标准的燃油分级中不包括密度界限和实际交付的燃油有时候密度会超过15℃时991kg／m3传统界限这样的实际情况，离心分离处理作了改进，以确保能处理更高密度的燃油。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Withsuchequipment,adequateseparationofwaterandfuelcanbecarriedoutinthecentrifuge，forfuelsuptoadensityof1010kg／m3at15℃．Therefore，thishasbeenselectedasthedensitylimitfornewhighdensityfuelgrades．•这样的设备可以把15℃时密度高达1010kg／m3的燃油中的油水充分分离，因此，该密度成为燃油等级中新的密度极限值。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Thushighdensityfuelsarefullyacceptableforourenginesprovidedthatappropriatecentrifugesareinstalled．Theyshouldbeoperatedinparallelorinseriesaccordingtothecentrifugemaker’sinstructions．•因此如果安装了合适的分油机，发动机完全可以使用高密度的燃油。分油机应按照厂家说明并联或者串联使用。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Designfeaturesandworkingprinciple．设计特性和工作原理•Thefueloilsystemisacommon，pressurizedsysteminwhichbothheavyfueloilanddieseloilcanbeused．•燃油系统是重质燃油和柴油共用的加压的系统。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Thepurposeofpressurizationisprimarilytoavoidboilingandcavitationinthesystem．whichmayoccurwhentheheavyfueloilisheatedtoachievetheviscosityof10-15cStrequiredforinjection(Fig.4-1)．•加压的目的主要是避免为使重油达到喷射所需的10～15cSt的黏度而进行加温时系统中可能会出现的沸腾和气穴现象(图4-1)。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming图4-1ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Operationatsea海上运行•Thefuelfromthebunkertanksmustbetreatedincentrifugalseparatorsbeforeenteringtheservicetanksfromtheservicetanks，thefuelentersthesupplysystem．•从燃油舱来的燃油在进入日用柜之前必须经离心分油机(净化)处理。燃油从日用柜进入到供油系统。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Inthesupplysystem,thefuelispumpedbythesupplypumps,intoacirculatingsystematapressureof4bar．Thesupplysystemmayincludeafinefilter．•在供油系统中，燃油经供油泵泵送进入4bar压力的循环系统。供油系统可以包括一个细滤器。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Alloverflowfromthesupplypumpsisrecirculatedintheby-passpiping,whichincorporatestheoverflowvalveshowninordertokeeptheinletpressureinthecirculationloopconstant，irrespectiveoftheactualconsumption.•来自供油泵的溢流通过旁通管路循环，以此保持循环回路中的压力稳定而不受实际消耗量的影响。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHe-xueming•Thepumpsinthecirculationloop,raisethepressureofthefueloilf