Beowulf・贝尔武夫

Beowulf贝尔武夫（贝奥武夫）设计：李智勇宋林峰JerryJackBeowulf第一页剧照1剧照2TheSongofBeowulfEngland’snationalepicaboutheroBeowulf(bediscoveredat1705)BeowulfistheonlyexistingpieceofOldEnglishepicpoemwhichgivesusacomprehensivepictureofwhatOldEnglishpoetryislikeReflectevents(beginningatthe6thcentury)TheSongofBeowulfTheSongofBeowulf(3182lines)Part1InterpolationPart2TheSubjectMatterStory:1)HrothgarbuiltameadhallHeorot2)Grendelharriedthewarriors3)BeowulfaskedtheDanestofeastwithhiminthehall4)GrendelgraspedBeowulfthanfight5)BeowulffightwithGrendel’smother6)Beowulftobekingfor50years7)Theclosingpart—Beowulffightwithafiredrake(火龙)TheSongofBeowulf全诗凡三千一百八十二行，以斯堪地那维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹构成主要内容。虽然历史上并未证实确有贝奥武夫其人，但诗中所提及的许多其他人物与事迹却得到印证。本诗原以西撒克逊方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。全诗内容分为两部分：第一部分描叙丹麦霍格国王（KingHrothgurs）宏伟的宫殿，在前后十二年中，半人半魔的妖怪格兰戴（Grendel）每晚出没捉食霍格的战士。此时恰巧瑞典南部济兹（Geats）王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，协助除害。国王当晚设宴款待，熟料妖怪格兰戴又复出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，贝氏扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤致死。第二天晚上，格兰戴的母亲前来为其子复仇，其后贝氏把她在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死。第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返国，被拥为王，前后五十年，举国大治。最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，但其个人亦因而身受重创，终於身死。诗末叙其葬礼，并有挽歌。BeowulfPrologue:TheEarlierHistoryoftheDanesBeowulfandGrendelTheHallHeorotIsAttackedbyGrendelTheFightwithGrendelTheEarlierHistoryoftheDanesScyldScefingwanttobeagoodkingAfterwardsScyldhadasonBeowwhowasveryfamousandhisgloryspreadwildlyintheNorthlandsThenScylddied.PeopleletthewatertakehimBeowtothekingandfamousamongnationsTheHallHeorotIsAttackedbyGrendelHrothgarbuiltahall,agreatmead-building,theworkwaslaiduponmanynations.GrendeldweltinthedarknessandpainfullyenduredhardshipforatimeAfternightcame,Grendelseizedthirtythanes,GrendelhadfoughtalongtimewithHrothgarThiswasgreatmiserytothelordoftheScyldingsandabreakingofspiritTheFightwithGrendel剧照WritingFeaturesMetaphorKenningsSun:“theworld’sgreatcandle”;Sword:“brain-biter”or“life-destroyer”;Harp:“woodofdelight”;Body:“bone-chamber”;AlliterationHeadRhymeeg.SteepStone---slopes—pathsnarrowWritingFeaturesSethistoricalfactsandmythorlegendasanorganicwholeFromAnglo-SaxonRichpolytheismcolourHeroworshipWritingFeaturesUnderstatementisalsooftenused.Forexample:Whenthepoetsaystodosomethingis“nolightthing”,heactuallymeansitisimpossibletodoit.Whenhesays“neednotpraisesomebody”hemeansas“hasarighttocondemnhim”.QuestionsQUESTIONS:1PleasefindsomeotherCharacterimageslikeBeowulf.1）HeroesoftheMarshes,WaterMargins(oneofthefourfamousChineseclassicalworks)2）RobinHood3）二龙山Questions2What’sthefunctionoftheuseofkenning(doublemetaphor)?Sun-theworld’sgreatcandleHeart-treasurechamberconventionalmetaphoricnameforsomething,usedespeciallyinOldEnglishandOldNorsepoetry3Whateffectshasreligioncausedonliterature?Isthecomingofthiskindofeffectnaturalorbypurpose?Why?Questions4Whatkindofsocialsurroundingshasthework-Beowulfreflected?Andwhat’stheattitudeofpeopletowardsthestory?Whatcanweinferfromthat?