英语单词拼读规则和音标(2个表)

读音谐音举例开音节/eɪ/同Aname,plane,Jane,baby,cake闭音节/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back开音节/i:/同Ehe,these,me,Chinese闭音节/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg开音节/aɪ/同Ibike,drive,time,nice,kite闭音节/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim开音节/əʊ/同Othose,close,go,hoe,home,no闭音节/ɔ/clock,not,box,shop,sock开音节/ju:/同Ustudent,excuse,duty,Tuesday闭音节/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch读音举例/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast/i//ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children/i//ə//i/holiday,beautiful,family,animal/aɪ/exercise,satellite/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome/əʊ/also,zero,photo/ə/autumn,difficult/ju:/popular,congratulation,January读音举例/ɔ/want,what,watch,wash,quality/aɪ/find,child,light,high/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother读音举例/ɑ:/car,farm,dark,sharpener/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards/ɔ:/fortymorningshort/ɜ:/wordworkerworse/ɜ:/certainlybirdThursday英语单词拼读规则表一，元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母注1：动词中的a如果处在开音节位置a读[ei]音例如：operate三元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音aeiou注：在重读开音节中元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音例如:JunebluerulersuperLucy二元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母a在[w]音后面四，元音字组r音节在重读音节中的读音eriruro在stld前o在mnvth前元音字母after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father/ɑ:/a在fnskphspssstth前元音字母aeiou注1：辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry，sorry，hurry。注2：r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar，teacher，martyr，forget，Saturday。注2：u处在开音节位置又在辅音字母jlrs后面是读[ʊ]或[u:]音例如JulyinfluenceFebroaryissue注3：在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a，e，i既可以读/ə/的音，也可以读/ɪ/的音。ar在[w]音后面aroror在[w]音后面i在ndldgh前第1页，共6页读音举例/eə/care,dare,hare/ɪə/here,mere/aɪə/fire,hire,wire/ɔ:/more,score,before/jʊə/pure,cure/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre读音举例/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,在fm前/a:/half,calm一般/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather/eɪ/break,great/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear/ɜ:/earth,learn,early/i:/jeep,week,green,three/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they/i:/seize,key在j,l,r,s后/u:/flew,brew,jewelry，jewel一般/ju:/new,few,newspaper/i:/piece,field,receive/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good,football/aʊ/flower,house,count,down/əʊ/know,row,throw,though/ʌ/young,country,enough/u:/group,soup/ɔ:/course,your,four/aʊə/our,hour,sour/ɜ:/journey/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词）在j，l，r，s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition一般/u:/juice,fruit,suituiei/eyeu/ewoi/oyoar/ooroulourie,eioaooau/awou/owai/ayairrealeareeeerea注2：重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读/r/音。例如:parent，zero，story，during，inspiring。六，元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字母五，元音字组re音节在重读音节中读音元音字母areereireoreure注1：are，ere，ire，ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音，例如:picture，pleasure注3：某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange，very，American，paragraph。第2页，共6页读音举例/b/bike,bus,bag不发音bomb,tomb在e,i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema，bicycle一般/k/cake,picture,coat,music一般/tʃ/cello、concerto一般/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher希腊外来词/k/school,headache,chemistry法语外来词/ʃ/machine,moustache/k/cock,pocket,black,knock,checque，/tʃ/Czech/d/doctor,bread,hand,day/dʒ/bridge,fridge/dr/children,driver,drink/dz/hands（主要用于可数名词复数）/f/five,four,breakfast/v/of一般/g/bag,garden,go在e,i,y之前/dʒ/orange,large,German，apology，giant在e,i,y之前/ʒ/genre,massage（少数例外情况）/f/cough,enough不发音light,daughter,high/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)/gw/language,anguish/h/hot,head,house,hand不发音hour,honest一般/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June用于法国人名/ʒ/Jacques用于西班牙人名/h/Juanita/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week/n/knife,know,knock元音前/l/life,lead,lot（出现在元音前面）其他情况/ɫ/milk,school,tall（出现在元音后面。辅音前，辅音后(词尾)）/m/monkey,come/autumn,column,solemn一般/n/not,shine,ten,note在/k/，/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry/ŋ/morning,young,wrong/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph/k/Iraq/kw/quality,quite/r/red,rubber,ruler/ʒ/Zabrze（扎布热）词首，清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk元音字母之间/z/元音字母间或浊辅音前读/z/，music,husband/ʃ/ensure，Asian/ʒ/pleasure，conclusion。gghgu/guehjlnssure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时qurrzngpphqknm/mnkbcfchddg(e)drdsck/cqcz七，辅音字和字组（1）辅音字和字组第3页，共6页/sk/scarlet在i，e和y之前/s/scenery,science/ʃ/schedule（英音′ʃedju:l）（美音′skedʒul）/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash一般/t/ten,letter,meet在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation/tʃ/watch一般/θ/thin,thirty,method在冠词、代词、介词、连词中/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中，以及在词尾-the，-ther中/tr/tree,train,country,truck可数名词复数/ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants用于德国人名Hertz（英音hə:z,美音hə:rts），quartz/v/very,voice,love,leave/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait不发音answer,two,sword一般/w/what,when,white,why在字母o前/h/who,whose,wholewr/r/write在重读元音后/ks/box,text,exerciseex+重音元音读/gz/example,exist,exact一般/z/xylophone/j/yes,yard,yellow,young/z/puzzle,zero,zoo/ʒ/azure/ts/pizzaNazi(意大利、德国外来词）/ʒ/zhooshwhxyzhzsctthwtrvts/tztchschsh八，辅音字和字组（2）第4页，共6页英式美式谐音英式美式谐音英式美式谐音英式美式谐音英式美式谐音前元音[i:]/i/一~（长音）(同字母E）[ɪ]/ɪ/一（短音）[e]/ɛ/哎[æ]/æ/哎（ai，不要发出i声）中元音[ɜ:]/ɝ/额~（长音）[ə]/ə/额（短音)[ʌ]/ʌ/阿（短音)后元音[u:]/u/乌~（长音）[ʊ]/ʊ/乌（短音)[ɑ:]/ɑ/啊~（长音）[ɔ:]/ɔ/哦~（长音）[ɒ]/ɑ/哦（短音)开合[eɪ]/e/诶一（同字母A)[aɪ]/aɪ/爱（同字母I）[ɔɪ]/ɔɪ/奥一[aʊ]/aʊ/奥屋[əʊ]/o/饿屋(同字母O）集中[ɪə]/ɪr/一尔[eə]/ɛr/哎饿[ʊə]/ur/屋鹅爆破音清辅音[p]/p/普[t]/t/特[k]/k/克爆破音浊辅音[b]/b/伯[d]/d/得[g]/g/个摩擦音清辅音[f]/f/佛[s]/s/斯[ʃ]/ʃ/虚[θ]/θ/四[h]/h/喝摩擦音浊辅音[v]/v/勿[z]/z/自[ʒ]/ʒ/雨（yu）