道教英语ppt

TaoismMadeby：ThefirstgroupMainspeaker：JiangpengTaoismisthenativereligionofChina,italsobecalledDaoismorTaochiao.TaoismisChina’straditionalphilosophy.Origin（起源）•Traditionally,Taoismhasbeenattributedtothreesources,theoldestbeingthelegendary'YellowEmperor',butthemostfamousisLaoTse'sTaoTehChing.Accordingtotradition,LaoTsewasanoldercontemporaryofKungFuTse(Confucius).ThethirdsourceisChuangTse's(untitled)work.•传统上，道教是归因于三个来源，最古老的是“黄帝”传说，但最著名的是老子的《道德经》。依照传统，老子是比同时代的孔夫子（孔子）年长的人。第三个来源就是庄子的作品。•ButtheoriginalsourceofTaoismissaidtobetheancientIChing,TheBookOfChanges.•道教的最初来源据说是古代的《易经》。•TheTaowaswritteninatimeoffeudalwarfareandconstantconflict.LaoTzuwasreflectingonawaywhichwouldstopthewarfare,arealisticpathforhumanitytofollowwhichwouldendtheconflict.Andsohecameupwithafewpagesofshortverses,whichbecametheTaoTeChing.ThisistheoriginalbookofTao.•道德经是写在领地战争和持续冲突的时期里面，老子是思考一种停止战争的方式，一种让人类追随，会结束斗争的现实主义道路。因此，他写了几页简短的诗句，后来成为了道德经。这就是道德经的来源。History(历史)·Taoism'soriginsmaybetracedtoprehistoricChinesereligionsinChina.TheyarefoundinthecompositionoftheTaoTeChing(3rdor4thcenturyBCE),oramidsttheactivityofZhangDaoling(2ndcenturyAD).·道教的起源可以追溯到史前中国宗教在中国。他们发现在作文的自知者明(第三或第四世纪BCE),或在活动的张Daoling(公元2世纪)。·LaozireceivedimperialrecognitionasadivinityinthemidsecondcenturyCE.TaoismgainedofficialstatusinChinaduringtheTangDynasty,whoseemperorsclaimedLaoziastheirrelative.SeveralSongemperors,mostnotablyHuizong,wereactiveinpromotingTaoism,collectingTaoisttextsandpublishingeditionsoftheDaozang.AspectsofConfucianism,Taoism,andBuddhismwereconsciouslysynthesisedintheNeo-Confucianschool,whicheventuallybecameImperialorthodoxyforstatebureaucraticpurposes.TheQingDynasty,however,muchfavoredConfucianclassicsandrejectedTaoistworks.Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theimperiallibrarywasconstituted,butexcludedvirtuallyallTaoistbooks.·老子收到帝国承认神学在二世纪在中期CE。道教在中国获得官方地位,唐朝期间的皇帝声称老子作为他们的相对。几首歌皇帝,最明显的是Huizong,活跃在促进道教,收集道家经典，出版版本的Daozang(道藏）。儒家思想、道教和佛教是有意识地合成新儒家的学校,最终成为国家官僚目的帝国正统。清朝,然而,大部分青睐儒家经典和拒绝了道教的作品。十八世纪时,皇家图书馆构成,但排除了几乎所有的道教的书。Representative（代表人物）•TheprimaryreligiousfiguresinTaoismareLaoTzuandChuangTzu,twoscholarswhodedicatedtheirlivestwobalancingtheirinnerspirits.•道教最初的代表是老子和庄子，两位学者献身于平衡内在精神。Totem(崇拜物)•·ThemostcommongraphicrepresentationofTaoisttheologyisthecircularYinYangfigure.Itrepresentsthebalanceofoppositesintheuniverse.Whentheyareequallypresent,alliscalm.Whenoneisoutweighedbytheother,thereisconfusionanddisarray.TheYinandYangareamodelthatthefaithfulfollow,anaidthatallowseachpersontocontemplatethestateofhisorherlives.·道教理论的最普遍图形表示就是阴和阳循环的圆形图像。它代表了宇宙中相反事物的平衡关系。当它们都平等地呈现出来，所有一切都会平静。当其中一个超过另一个的时候，就会出现混淆和混乱。阴和阳是信徒追随的原型，有助于让一个人去凝视他或她的生命状态。•Moreamodeoflivingthananactualtheology,Taoismasksthateachpersonfocusesontheworldaroundhimorherinordertounderstandtheinnerharmoniesoftheuniverse.Itisakindofreligioussystemheavilyfocusedonmeditationand•contemplation.TheTaosurroundseveryoneand•onemustlistentofindenlightenment.•这更加像是一种生命模式，而不是真实的理论，道教要求每一个人都把注意力集中于他或她周围的世界，以致明白宇宙的内在协调。这是一种信仰体系，重重地集中于冥想和注视上。道围绕关每一个人，人必须倾听和发现启迪。Content（内容）•ReverenceforancestorspiritsandimmortalsarealsocommoninpopularTaoism.OrganizedTaoismdistinguishesitsritualactivityfromthatofthefolkreligion,whichsomeprofessionalTaoists(Daoshi)viewasdebased.Chinesealchemy(includingNeidan),astrology,cuisine,severalChinesemartialarts,Chinesetraditionalmedicine,fengshui,andmanystylesofqigongbreathtrainingdisciplineshavebeenintertwinedwithTaoismthroughouthistory.•对祖先的精神和神仙也普遍流行的道教。道教仪式活动组织区分它与民间宗教，一些专业的道教(Daoshi)认为贬低。中国炼丹术(包括Neidan),占星术,美食,一些中国武术,中医,风水,许多风格的气功呼吸训练学科已经与道教历史上交织在一起。Principles（道义）•·Taoisttheologyfocusesondoctrinesofwuwei(actionthatdoesnotinvolvestruggleorexcessiveeffort),spontaneity,humanism,relativismandemptiness.ThisphilosophicalaspectofTaoismemphasizesvariousthemesfoundintheTaoTeChing(道德经)suchasnaturalness,vitality,peace,yielding(wuwei),emptiness(refinement),detachment,thestrengthofsoftness(orflexibility),andintheZhuangzisuchasreceptiveness,spontaneity,therelativismofhumanwaysoflife,waysofspeakingandguidingbehavior.Taoismisapeacefulreligion.·道教理论关注的学说无为(“行动,不涉及斗争或过度的努力”)、自发性、人文主义、相对主义和空虚。这种哲学方面的道教强调各种主题发现在自知者明(道德经)如自然、活力、和平、“屈服”(无为),空虚(细分)、超然,强度柔和(或灵活性),庄子如感受性、自发性、相对主义的人类的生活方式,和指导行为的讲话方式。道教是一个和平的宗教。道教经典英译•道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。•TheTaogivesbirthtoOne.OnegivesbirthtoTwo.TwogivebirthtoThree.Threegivebirthtoallthings.•五色令人目盲，五音令人耳聋，五味令人口爽，驰骋田猎令人心发狂。•Iridescentcolorscauseblindness.Beautifulmusiccausesdeafness;deliciousfoodcauseslossoftaste.Racingandhuntingcausemadness.•知足之足，常足矣•Thewithknowingcontentmentisalwayscontented.•知足不辱，知止不殆•whoeveriscontentedwillmeetnodisgrace,whoeverknowswhenandwheretostopwillmeetnodanger.•见素抱朴，少私寡欲•manifestplainness,embracesimplicity,reduceselfishness,andholdfewdesires•出家之人，恶衣恶食，不积财，恐害身损福也。•Taoistsmakelightclothingandfoodandtheyaccumulatenowealth,becausethesemightdamagehealthandfortunes.Tale（传说）Activity（活动）Glossary（词汇）•八节斋TheFastsoftheEightSeasons;TheFastsoftheLunarPeriods•八仙theeightimmortals•半仙demigod•避邪符phylactery[acharmtodriveawaydemoninfluences]•卜卦用签lots[usedindivination]•财神GodofWealth•曹国舅Ts`aoKuo-chiu