Emily_Dickinson_(1830-1886)_艾米莉・狄金森概要

EmilyDickinson(1830-1886)艾米莉·狄金森“theBelleofAmherst”HerlifeHerworksHerpoem’sthemesHerwritingstyleAppreciationaboutsomeherpoems•EmilyElizabethDickinsonwasborninAmherst,asmalltowninthestateofMassachusetts.onDecember10,1830.•ShewasbornintoaCalvinistfamily.•Herfatherwasaverywealthy,successfulandprominentlawyerandpolitician.•Butshewasverypassiveaboutanysocialandpoliticalactivities.•DickinsonwaseducatedatAmherstAcademyandMountHolyokeFemaleSeminaryinSouthHadley,Massachusetts•WenttoD.C.withherfather,acongressman,becauseshehadfalleninlovewithamarriedlawyer,whosoondiedofTB.•Therefellinlovewithanothermarriedman,aminister.•becauseofthefailureofherloveaffairs,shebegantoisolateherselffromothersandlivedasolitarylife.•Theonlycontactshehadwithfamilywasinwhimsical,epigrammaticletters.•Sheoftenloweredsnacksandtreatsinbasketstoneighborhoodchildrenfromherwindow,carefulnevertoletthemseeherface.•Shealmostalwaysworewhite.•Dickinsonseldomleftherhouseandvisitorswerescarce.•Allthroughherlife,shedidnotgetmarriedandlivedaveryquiet,lonelylifeinavillage.•Inherfamilylibrary,shehadaccesstomanyreligiousworksaswellasbooksbyEmerson,othertranscendentalistsandcurrentmagazines•about20,begantowritepoems•ThefirstpersontonoticeDickinson’stalentwasThomasWentworthHigginson.•Higginsonbecamealifelongcorrespondentandamentor.•Dickinsonhadcontactwithfewpeople,butonewasReverendCharlesWadsworth.•DickinsonalsobefriendednovelistHelenJackson.•HigginsonadvisedDickinsonnottogetherpoetrypublishedbecauseofherviolationofcontemporaryliteraryconvention.•HelenJacksontriedtoconvincehertogetherworkpublishedbutherrequestswereunsuccessful.•SheneverapprovedofpublishingherpoemsandrequestedhersisterLaviniatodestroyallofherpomes•Beforeherdeath,onlysevenpoemswerepublished.Butafterherdeath,hersisterfoundthatsheleftalargenumberofpoems,altogether,itwasabout1800poems.•AfterDickinson’sdeath,hersister,Lavina,hadEmily’spoetrypublishedandthenburnttheoriginalcopies,becausethatwashersister’swish.EmilyDickinsonTheHomestead1813TheHomesteadRepaintedHomesteadTheDickinsonHomesteadinAmherst,Massachusetts(bedroom)Dickinson’sRoomDickinson’sRoomTheDickinsonHomesteadinAmherst,Massachusetts(Dress)NewlyDiscoveredPhotoHerGraveDickenson’sMajorWorks•(1)MyLifeClosedTwicebeforeItsClose•我的生命结束之前已经结束了两次(2)BecauseICouldn’tStopforDeath•因为我不能等待死亡(3)IHeardaFlyBuzz–WhenIdied•我死时听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声(4)Mine–bytheRightoftheWhiteElection•我的根据白色选举的权利(5)WildNights–WildNights•狂风夜—狂风夜(6)DeathisaDialoguebetween•死是一场对话(7)TheSoulselectsherownSociety•心灵选择了自己的友伴(8)IdiedforBeauty—butwasscarce•我为美而死Herpoem’sthemes:basedonherownexperiences/joys/sorrowsandimagination.•(1)religion–doubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects•(2)deathandimmortality•(3)love–sufferingandfrustrationcausedbylove•(4)physicalaspectofdesire•(5)nature–benevolent(kind)andcruel•(6)freewillandhumanresponsibilityDickinson'sreligiouspoems•Shewroteaboutherdoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.Whileshedesiredsalvationandimmortality,shedeniedtheorthodox(正统的)viewofparadise.AlthoughshebelievedinGod,shesometimesdoubtedHisbenevolence.248Why—dotheyshutMeoutofHeaven?DidIsing—tooloud?But—IcansayalittleMinorTimidasaBird!Wouldn'ttheAngelstryme—Just—once—more—Just—see—ifItroubledthem—Butdon't—shutthedoor!Oh,ifI—weretheGentlemanIntheWhiteRobe—Andthey—werethelittleHand—thatknocked—Could—I—forbid?Herpoemsconcerningdeathandimmortality•Thesepoemsarecloselyrelatedtoherreligiouspoetry,rangingoverthephysicalaswellasthepsychologicalandemotionalaspectsofdeath.Sheshowedherambiguousattitudetowardsdeathandimmortality.Shelookedatdeathfromthepointofviewofboththelivingandthedying.Sheevenimaginedherowndeath,thelossofherownbody,andthejourneyofhersoultotheunknown.Herlovepoems•LoveisanothersubjectDickinsondwelton.•Onegroupofherlovepoemstreatsthesufferingandfrustrationlovecancause.Thesepoemsareclearlythereflectionofherownunhappyexperience,closelyrelatedtoherdeepestandmostprivatefeelings.Manyofthemarestrikingandoriginaldepictionsofthelongingforsharedmoments,thepainofseparation,andthefutilityoffindinghappiness.HerLovePoems•Theothergroupoflovepoemsfocusesonthephysicalaspectofdesire,inwhichDickinsondealtwith,allegorically,theinfluenceofthemaleauthoritiesoverthefemale,emphasizingthepowerofphysicalattractionandexpressingamixtureoffearandfascinationforthemysteriousmagnetismbetweensexes.•However,itisthosepoemsdealingwithmarriagethathavearousedcriticalattentionfirstandshowedDickinson'sconfusionanddoubtabouttheroleofwomeninthe19thcenturyAmerica.IHIDEmyselfwithinmyflowerIHIDEmyselfwithinmyflower,Thatwearingonyourbreast,You,unsuspecting,wearmetoo—Andangelsknowtherest.Ihidemyselfwithinmyflower,That,fadingfromyourvase,You,unsuspecting,feelformeAlmostaloneliness249WildNights—WildNights!WereIwiththeeWildNightsshouldbeOurluxury!Futile—theWinds—ToaHeartinport—DonewiththeCompass—DonewiththeChart!RowinginEden—Ah,theSea!MightIbutmoor—Tonight—InThee!Hernaturepoems•Morethan500ofherpoemsareaboutnature,inwhichhergeneralskepticismabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiswell-expressed.•Ontheonehand,shesharedwithherromanticandtranscendenta