跨文化交际 考试重点归纳

题型：partI,TrueorFalse,30%（提醒学生在答题时要正确的画A，错的画B）15x2（除第八章）partII.MultipleChoices20%,20x1.(2,4,5细节)PartIII.CulturalPuzzles10%(与课后习题中的cultrualpuzzles类似，不过是四个选项，范围为课后习题中的culturalpuzzles和我们在每个单元划出的重点案例）5X2.PartIV.TermMatching15%（名词解释，从备选的terms中选择与其对应的definitions，要考到的terms都已经发给大家）15x1.PartV.Short-AnswerQuestions15%(简答题，范围在我们划过的重点内）5X3.PartVI.CaseStudy10%(课外案例分析，阅读一个案例，回答三个小问题，题目不会超出课内讲解的内容）10x1.要补充的重点为p114,（E.DiscoverthemeaningofsomecommongesturesinEnglish),p129,(B.Whatarethecharacteristicsoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkrespectively)另外让学生深入研究unit5和Unit2，Unit4(culturally-loadedwords)，以及每单元的重点案例，以及单元后面的练习A,B(划过的问答题）,C(EuphemismUnderstanding),以及E(culturalpuzzles)TermsUnit11.Economicglobalization:经济全球化theintegrationofnationaleconomiesintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade,foreigndirectinvestment,capitalflows,migration,andthespreadoftechnology.2.Globalvillage:地球村Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldformonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications,especiallytheInternet.3.Meltingpot:大熔炉asocio-culturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities.4.CulturalDiversity:文化多样性themixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforcewithafullmixofculturesandsub-culturestowhichmembersbelong.5.Interculturalcommunication:跨文化交际communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.6.Culture:文化alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople.7.Enculturation:文化适应alltheactivitiesoflearningone’sculturearecalledenculturation.8.Acculturation:文化传入theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanothercultureanddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures.9.Ethnocentrism:民族优越感thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackgroundissuperior.10.Communication:交际tosharewithortomakecommon,asingivingtoanotherapartorshareofyourthoughts,hopes,andknowledge.（以下为componentsofcommunication)PS:whatisthedifferencebetweenencoding&decodingEncodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.Decodingistheprocessofassigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived.11.Source发送信息的人Thesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate.12.Encoding编码Unfortunately(orperhapsfortunately),humansarenotabletosharethoughtsdirectly.Yourcommunicationisintheformofasymbolrepresentingtheideayoudesiretocommunicate.Encodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.13.Message信息Thetermmessageidentifiestheencodedthought.Encodingistheprocess,theverb;themessageistheresultingobject.14.Channel渠道Thetermchannelisusedtechnicallytorefertothemeansbywhichtheencodedmessageistransmitted.Thechannelormedium,then,maybeprint,electronic,orthelightandsoundwavesoftheface-to-facecommunication.15.Noise噪音Thetermnoisetechnicallyreferstoanythingthatdistortsthemessagethesourceencodes.16.Receiver接的人Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.17.Decoding解码Decodingistheoppositeprocessofencodingandjustasmuchanactiveprocess.Thereceiverisactivelyinvolvedinthecommunicationprocessbyassigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived.18.Receiverresponse反馈Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.Receiverresponsereferstoanythingthereceiverdoesafterhavingattendedtoanddecodedthemessage.19.Feedback反馈Feedbackreferstothatportionofthereceiverresponseofwhichthesourcehasknowledgeandtowhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning.20.Context语境Thefinalcomponentofcommunicationiscontext.Generally,contextcanbedefinedastheenvironmentinwhichthecommunicationtakesplaceandwhichhelpsdefinethecommunication.精讲案例Case1(p.1)case2(p.2)思考题1、whatarethefourtrendsthatleadtothedevelopmentoftheglobalvillage?P8-9+简要说明convenienttransportationsystemsinnovativecommunicationsystemseconomicglobalizationwidespreadmigrations2.Whatarethethreeingredientsofculture?Artifacts(thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce)Behavior(whattheydo)Concept(whattheythink)3.Howtounderstandculturaliceberg?P7Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit,visible,taught.Theaspectsofculturethatareintangibleandnottaughtdirectly.4.Whatarethecharacteristicofculture?Shared,learned,dynamic,ethnocentric(文化中心主义），5.Whatarethecharacteristicofcommunication?Dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematic,transactional,contextualUnit2-411.Pragmatics:语用学thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehavior.12.Semantics:语意thestudyofthemeaningofwords.13.Denotation:字面意思theliteralmeaningordefinitionofaword---theexplicit,particular,definedmeaning.14.Connotation:弦外之音thesuggestivemeaningofaword---allthevalues,judgments,andbeliefsimpliedbyaword,thehistoricalandassociativeaccretionoftheunspokensignificancebehindtheliteralmeaning.15.Taboo:禁忌语someobjects,wordsoractionsthatareavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons.16.Euphemism:委婉语theactofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensive.精讲案例Case1,case2(p.17)case4(p.19)Case2(p43)case3(p.45)Case1(p.67)case3(p.69)思考题6.HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing?(p.33)TheAmericanstendtoaddressonlywithgivennameswhiletheChinesemayusethefullname.EvenwhenthefullnamesareusedinsomeformaloccasionsbytheAmerica