跨文化交际 课件1

DailyVerbalCommunication(I)Sharewitheachotheryourunderstandingofthefollowingproverbsaboutverbalcommunication.Wordshavefrighteningpower.--ColinCherryMoreismeantthanmeetstheear.--EnglishProverbThenotionthatthoughtcanbeperfectlyorevenadequatelyexpressedinverbalsymbolsisidiotic.--AlfredNorthWhiteheadBynaturepeoplearenearlyalike;bypracticetheygettobewideapart.--ConfuciusI.FormofAddressII.GreetingIII.InitiatingConversationandConversationTopicIV.VisitingV.PartingAperson’snameishishandle.Why?Foryournameisthehandlebywhichotherscangetholdofyou,themeansbywhichtheycangrabyourattention.FormofAddressNames:asurname(familyname)/agivennameHeXianguAndrewLewissurnamegivennamesurnamegivennameprimitivesocietyXia/ShangDynastyGivennamescameintobeingbeforesurnames.collectivismindividualismIndividualandCollectivistCultureIndividualCulture(liberalism):individualstendtodefinethemselvesbytheextenttowhichtheyaredifferentfrom,ratherthansimilartoother.Peopleareencouragedtodisplayself-confidenceandassertiveness,disclosureofpersonalthoughtsandfeelings.Collectivistculture(Confucianism):placeslittlevalueonindividualidentityandgreatvalueongroupidentity.Goingone'sownwayisnotvalued;uniformityandconformityarestressed.IndividualismCollectivismIcultureWEcultureopendiscussionofdisagreementarevaluedformsoftalkopenlyspeakingone’smindappearsdistastefulseekthenoticeofothers;affirmtheiruniquenessopenexpressionrisksfaceguardingprivacy;valuingfreedomtodoandthinkwhatevertheychoosetherighttoprivacyinthesenseoffreedomisnotrecognizedlivelifeguidedonlybyprinciplessuchasequalityandnoninterferenceone’sbusinessisalsothebusinessofthegroup;friendsshouldbeconcernedwitheachother’spersonalmattersMostEnglishpeoplehavethreenames:the1stname+themiddlename+afamilyname英国人习惯上将教名和中间名全部缩写，如M.H.Thatcher；美国人则习惯于只缩写中间名，如RonaldW.Reagan。Ajoke:W.C.ROMBOUTSSomehaveseveralnames:severalgivennames+afamilynameCustomsofGivenNamesReligionsBuddhism/TaoismChristianityChristiannameHumanbeingsarethechildrenofGod.Humansandnatureareinseparableandtheyareinfluencingeachother.(人天合一)生辰八字,五行NamingNames1.Initialletters:AndrewSimonSmith------ASSGrahamAdamYiend------GAYFionaAliceTanner------FATMichaelAdamDavies------MAD•朱逸群，杨宜知。•有个孩子叫子滕，本来挺文雅的名字，偏偏父亲姓杜2.ShorteningofnamesAlexander------AlecAnthony------TonyDonald------DonTimothy------TimMichael------MikeWilliam------BillRobert------BobEdward------NedBeuben------BenAndrew------Andy&DrewElizabeth------BessOrigins◆InformationofChineseNameswhereandwhenthepersonwasborn:周海婴、张渝，刘解放等familyrelationships：比如毛泽东的祖父毛恩普，就是“恩”字辈，父亲毛贻昌，即是“贻”字辈，毛泽东和兄弟毛泽民、毛泽覃等都是“泽”字辈。ethnicgroup：斯琴高娃parents’expectationforthechildren：国栋、定国、耀邦，荷、兰、菊、梅、贞、淑、静、雅等。values：王慧旖、陈益丽等。personalcharacteristics:林阳、郑彬等。Origins◆InformationofEnglishNames(namesandtheirsources)SourcesofNamesNamesPlaceidentityNorman,Moor,Hall,Chesterfileld,WoodOccupationCook,Forester,Chandler,Smith,Taylor,Clark,Turner,Butler,Thatcher,CooperFamilyrelationshipidentityRobertson,Donaldson,Macdonald,O’Patrik,Watkins,ThomasEthnicidentityEnglish:Robertson,DonaldsonScottish:MacdonaldIrish:O’Patrik,PersonalcharacteristicsLong,Little,Moody,Fox,Brown,Young,Rich,NewmanHisandHers•FromChinesenameswecanguesswhetherapersonisamanorawoman•Suchas王刚，雨婷……DifferencesinEnglishmaleandFemalenamesAspectsofdifferencesFemaleNamesMaleNamesNumberofsyllablesinfirstnamesTendingtobelongerwithmoresyllablesMuchmorelikelytohavenameswithonesyllablesNumberofsyllablesinpetnamesLikelytobelongerwithmorethanonesyllablesMuchmorelikelytobeone-syllableonesPercentageofnameswithstressonasyllableotherthanthefirstguardingprivacy;valuingfreedomtodoandthinkwhatevertheychoosetherighttoprivacyinthesenseoffreedomisnotrecognizedSoundofthestressedsyllablesTendingtomakemoreuseof/i/soundMuchlesscommonuse/i/soundLastsoundMorelikelywithVowelsoundattheendMuchmorelikelywithaplosivesoundattheendSpeedatwhichfashionchangesMorequicklyLessquicklyImpressionsconveyedLongerandmorevowelsoundsShortandsharpsoundsDecidewhethertheyarefamilynamesorgivennames…malenamesorfemalenames.HelenGreenEdwardLucyRichardsRobertGeorgeRuthIdaTaylorWilliamsBrendaSmithEricJacksonMargaretWilliamAnneVictorRichardJulieEdwardsBillAngela•Languageandsexchairmanchairpersonpostmanpostworkerfiremanfire-fighterpolicemanpoliceofficerChineseEnglishFormalRelationship/SituationNeutralRelationship/SituationCloseRelationship/SituationFormofAddressSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameGivenNameGivenNameGivenNameFocusTheuseofperson’stitle:InChina:Surname+Title:张局长,李经理,严校长…InAmerica:onlyafewoccupationsortitles:Doctor,ProfessorNurse,Judge,Mayor,Theranksinthearmedforce:CaptainUsage:Singly/+surnameinformalsituationEnglandpeoplecalleachotherbyfirstnameemployersemployeesinlessformalsettingsPeopleusuallyusefirstname,eventheymeetforthefirsttime,regardlessofageandstatusinformalsituationfirstnamesarelesslikelytobeusedinmanyofficesuseofthefirstnameamongcolleaguesiscustomary;usethetitlepluslastnamewouldbetakenasanopendeclarationofdislikesomeone.themostfrequentusedtitlesMr./Mrs./Miss./Ms.generaltermsofaddressSir/Madam/Mack/Buddy/mat