2015在职联考英语重点语法 考研英语(二)写作解析

2015在职硕士联考英语重点语法考点李纹编题型分析1.名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；Nicewordsmaywinfriends,butonlyone'sgoodpersonalitycanhold_______.A.itB.thoseC.thatD.them2.动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法；ReportersrushedtotheairportaftertheCNNreportedthatninepassengers_______byaterroristontheplane.A.wereholdingB.heldC.hadheldD.werebeingheld3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；Themuseum'snewbuildingwillhave______theexhibitionspaceasbefore.A.threetimesB.threetimeslikeC.threetimesasD.threetimeslargerBy2050theworldwillhaveabout2billionpeopleagedover60,threetimes______today.A.asmuchasB.asthatofC.asmanyasD.asthoseof4.非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；Thematter______,wedecidedtoproceedtothenextprogramontheagenda.A.wassettledB.settledC.hadbeensettledD.hadsettled5.虚拟语气的构成及其用法；Asaresultofthebusywork,hefoundlesstimethanhe______forhishobbies.A.musthavehopedB.hadhopedC.shouldhavehopedD.hashoped6.各类从句的构成及其用法；AboutfiftymillionAmericansareactivein_______iscalledfitnesswalking.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.somethingThejournalistfeelshehasaresponsibilitytoensure______thecustomersarenotmisled.A.whetherB.sothatC.asifD.that7.强调句型的结构及其用法；Itwas______thechiefengineercame______webegantheexperiment.A.notuntil;thatB.notuntil;thenC.until;thatD.until;when8.常用倒装句的结构及其用法。Scarcely______thosewordswhensuddenlythemonsterwastransformedintoaveryhandsomeyouth.A.hadheutteredB.didheutterC.hehadutteredD.hedidutter考点一非谓语动词概念：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有谓语外其他语法功能的动词。种类：动词不定式（todo）表示将来的动作；动名词（doing）相当于名词；现在分词（doing）表示主动和进行；过去分词（done）表示被动和完成。注意：做题时看句中有几个动词，如已有谓语动词且句中无连接词，则需使用非谓语动词，并选择其正确形式。另需记忆教材中的固定搭配，并做习题加以巩固。考点二复合句概念：复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或连词引出，否则复合句不成立。其中连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，又在从句中充当一定的成分，有一定的意义。注意：复合句中连接词的选择是考查的焦点，也就是说需通过分析主句和从句之间的关系来确定其属于哪种从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句三类），然后再根据各从句连接词的特点做出正确选择。参考教材基础语法课件里的各从句综合分析。考点三时态和语态注意：做题时参考教材和动词时态动画课件。时态题技巧：1、如果题中有bytheendofthisyear/month/week,by...nextyear...之类的词，就选willhavedone结构。2、如果题中有bytheendoflastyear/month/week,by...lastyear...之类的词，就选haddone结构。3、如果句子中有now,atthemoment,首选bedoing结构，次选一般现在时或完成时。考点四倒装结构Hebeatsagirl.全部倒装：Beatsheagirl.部分倒装：Doeshebeatagirl.参考教材弄清楚何时该全部倒装，何时该部分倒装。考点五虚拟语气概念：用来表示非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。1.虚拟语气在if条件句的使用：1）与现在事实相反：If...did(were)...,...should/would/might/coulddo2）与过去事实相反：If...haddone...,...should/would/might/couldhavedone...3）与将来事实相反：If...did/shoulddo/weretodo...,...should/.../.../coulddo注：如条件句中含有were,had或should，可将if省略，然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。如：Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?=Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?2.wish与现在事实相反：sb.wish...did...与过去事实相反：sb.wish...haddone...与将来事实相反：sb.wish...would/shoulddo3.表命令、意愿、建议的动词作谓语时，以及这些动词各种词性的派生词引导从句时，谓语动词也需要用虚拟语气。sb.insist/suggestthat...(should)do...但insist表“坚持要求”，suggest表“暗示”时，从句不再用虚拟语气。4.某些表吃惊、正常、重要等形容词引导从句时，从句中谓语动词需用“shoulddo”,should可省略。如：surprising,natural,normal,usual,unusual,essential,important,necessary。如：Itisnaturalthateveryone(should)hopetorealizehisowndream.=Itisnaturalforeveryonetohopeto...5.下列连词引导状语从句时，从句中谓语动词有时要用虚拟形式，其形式同if条件句，evenif/eventhough,asif/asthough,lest,forfearthat,incase,supposing,otherwise。如：Heissittingtheresilently,asifheweredumb.6.下列介/副词常用来引导让步假设或转折假设，其主句要用虚拟语气，形式同if条件句中的主句,butfor,without/with,but,given。如：Fishwouldnotlivewithoutwater.Iwouldnothavefinishedthetaskontimewithoutyourhelp.7.下列固定句型中需要使用虚拟语气It's(high,about)timethat...did...wouldratherthat...did...ifonly...did...如：It'shightimethathestoppedsmoking.Ifonlyheknewourtelephonenumber!考点六其他1.强调结构1）Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句中其他成分。该强调结构不能用来强调谓语动词和表语。2）特殊疑问词+is(was)+it+that+句子?该结构也起强调作用，表“究竟在哪里”、“到底是谁”等，如:Wherewasit(that)yousawtheman?3）谓语动词前用do\does\did表示强调，在肯定句中可以用do强调谓语部分，可译为“务必”、“一定”、“真的”、“确实”等，后面加动词原形。如：Hedoesliketoeatnoodles.Hedoesbeateacher.2.with的复合结构（即with+宾语+宾语补足语）在句子中作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。其中宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。1)Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.2)Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.3)Helayinbedwithhisheadcovered.4)Withwintercomingon,it'stimetobuywarmclothes.5)Ican'tgooutwithallthesedishestowash.6)WithJohnaway,we'vegotmoreroom.7)Andersonwaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.3.倍数表达法1）A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+BAsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.2）A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+BThishallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom.3）A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+BThisstreetisfourtimesthelengthofthatone.4）The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+BInthisworkshop,theoutputofJulywas4.5timesthatofJanuary.5）其他I'mtwice/doublehisage.我的年龄是他的两倍。I'vepaidfivetimestheusualpriceforthestamp.我以5倍于往常的价格买了这枚邮票。Theaverageincomeofthestaffhasbeenincreasedby50percentcomparedwithlastyear.与去年相比，该单位职工的收入增加了50%。ThepriceofTVsaretwofolddownovertheseyears.近几年来，电视机的价格减少了两倍。4.比较结构1）原级比较：as...as;notas...as;thesame...as2）比较级：A+比较级+than+B特殊结构：themore...themore(越...越...)moreandmore越来越3）以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to而不是than，即superior,inferior,senior,junior,major,minor,anterior,prior,posterior，如besuperiorto。4）the+最高级+in...(表示地方)the+最高级+of...(表示所属关系和人物比较)5）在more...than结构中，than有时可看作关系代词，相当于thanwhat...。6）惯用句式及其含义：morethan不仅是，非常，十分Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.Don'tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchew.more...than...与其说......不如说，不是......而是......Thisbookseemstobemoreamanualthanatext.nomorethan只有，不过，仅仅