英语演讲选修课chapter 3 Analysis

Chapter3AnalyzingtheaudienceToday’sScheduleRevisionAnalyzingtheaudienceAssignmentAnalyzingtheaudience1.Audience-centeredness以听众为中心2.Thepsychologyofaudience听众的心理3.Demographicaudienceanalysis听众分析统计4.Situationalaudienceanalysis听众分析的具体情形5.Adaptingtotheaudience适应听众1.Audience-centerednessAudience-centeredness:keepingtheaudienceforemostinmindateverystepofspeechpreparationandpresentation.QuestionstobeaskedwhenpreparingTowhomamIspeaking?WhatdoIwantthemtoknow,believe,ordoasaresultofmyspeech?Whatisthemosteffectivewayofcomposingandpresentingmyspeechtoaccomplishthataim?(how)Effectivepublicspeakersseektocreateabondwiththeirlistenersbyemphasizingcommonvalues,goals,andexperiences.Communicationscholarscallthisprocessidentification.Identification:aprocessinwhichspeakersseektocreateabondwiththeaudiencebyemphasizingcommonvalues,goals,andexperiences.2.ThepsychologyofaudiencesQuestion:whatdoyoudowhenyoulistentoaspeech?twomessages:speaker,filter,listenerpeoplehearwhattheywanttohearanddisregardtherest.Question:whatdopeoplewanttohear?MeaningfulEgocentrism:Thetendencyofpeopletobeconcernedaboveallwiththeirownvalues,beliefs,andwell-being.Listenerstypicallyapproachspeecheswithonequestionuppermostinmind:“Whyisthisimportanttome?”HarryEmersonFosdick,(1878-1969)“Thereisnothingthatpeopleareasinterestedinasthemselves,theirownproblems,antthewaytosolvethem.Thefactisbasic…Itistheprimarystartingpointofallsuccessfulpublicspeaking.”Whatdothesepsychologicalprinciplesmeantoyouasaspeaker?Listeners:whattheyalreadyknowSpeakers:relatethemessageto3.DemographicAudienceAnalysisDemographicaudienceanalysis:Audienceanalysisthatfocusesondemographicfactorssuchasage,gender,religion,sexualorientation,groupmembership,andracial,ethnic,orculturalbackground.Stereotyping:Creatinganoversimplifiedimageofaparticulargroupofpeople,usuallybyassumingthatallmembersofthegrouparealike.Twostepsofdemographicaudienceanalysis⑴identifyingthegeneraldemographicfeaturesofyouraudience⑵assessingtheimportanceofthosefeaturestoaparticularspeakingsituationDemographicAudienceAnalysisAgeGenderSexualorientationRacial,ethnicandculturalbackgroundReligionAge:whateveryourage,youareaproductofyourworld.GenderGenderAgoodspeakerwillpaycloseattentiontoboththedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthesexes.takecaretoavoidusingsexistlanguage.Socialdistinctionsbetweenthesexeshavebeenrodingforsomeyears.Racial,ethnicandculturalbackground“OneofthethingsIlearnedfrommyinternship,”shesaid“ishowmuchdependsonthatinitialhandshake.Astronghandshakeisessentialtoanywomanwhowantstobetakenseriouslyinlaworbusiness.Itconveysconfidence,honesty,andfriendliness,allatonce.Youhavetoreachforwardenergetically,graspfirmlyandlookthepersonstraightintheeye.Mostmenknowhowtodothis.Andsodoeseverysuccessfulwoman.”Howcanyouavoidthesekindsofgaffesinyourspeeches?Recognizethatsomeofyourlistenersmayindeedhaveracial,ethnic,andculturalperspectivesDeterminewhatthoseperspectivesareAdjustyourspeechsoitwillbeasclear,suitable,andconvincingaspossible.ReligionReligiousreviewsareamongthemostemotionallychargedandpassionatelydefendedofallhumanconcerns.themostimportant:Nottolistthemajortraitsofyourlistenersbuttofindouthowyourlistenerswillrespondtoyourspeech4.Situationalaudienceanalysis:SituationalfactorsSizePhysicalsettingDispositiontowardthetopicDispositiontowardthespeakerSIZEThelargertheaudience,themoreformalyourpresentationmustbe.PhysicalsettingThereceptivityoflistenerstoyourspeechfrequentlywillbeinfluencedbyfactorsbeyondtheircontrol---andsometimesbeyondyourcontrol.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouratheraddress?Anaudienceassembledimmediatelyafterlunch,crammedintoanoverheatedroomwithinadequateseatingAnaudienceassembledat10:00inthemorning,comfortablyseatedinanairy,well-lightedroomDispositiontowardthetopicInterestKnowledgeAttitudeInterest“Areyouatleast17yearsold?Doyouweighmorethan50kg?Doyouconsideryourselffairlyhealthy?Ifyouansweredyestoallofthesequestions,youshouldbedonatingbloodeverytwomonths.”KnowledgeCorrelation:Peopletendtobeinterestedinwhattheyknowabout.Likewise,theyareinclinedtolearnaboutsubjectsthatinterestthemAttitudeIfyouknowinadvancetheprevailingattitudeamongmembersofyouraudience,youcanadjustyourspeechtoaddresstheirconcernsortoanswertheirobjectionsagainstyourpointofview.Dispositiontowardthespeakerkeepinmindthatyourlistenerswillalwayshavesomesetofattitudestowardyouasaspeaker.Estimatingwhatthoseattitudesareandhowtheywillaffectyourspeechisacrucialpartofsituationalaudienceanalysis.5.AdaptingtotheaudienceAudienceadaptationbeforethespeechAudienceadaptationduringthespeechAudienceadaptationbeforethespeechHowwilltheyreacttoyourintroductionandconclusion?Willtheyfindyourexamplesclearandconvincing?Willyourvisualaidshelpthemtograspyourideas?Howwilltheyrespondtoyourlanguageandmannerofdelivery?AudienceadaptationduringthespeechThingsmaynotgoexactlyasplannedonthedayofyourspeech.Don’tpanic.Besuretokeepaneyeoutduringyourspeechforaudiencefeedback.Summaryaudience-centered.Theyknowthattheaimofspeechmakingistogainadesir