英语词汇学概论一部分

1AnIntroductiontoEnglishLexicologyName:E-mail:TelNo:2SomeInterestingFactsThereisnoeggineggplant,norhaminhamburger,Neitherapplenorpineinpineapple．-----（exocentriccompound）Andwhilenooneknowswhatisahotdog,youcanbeprettysureitisn‘tcanine（犬类）．Englishmuffins(=hotmuffins热松饼，美式早餐/英式午茶糕点)werenotinventedinEngland，NorFrench-friesinFrance(炸薯条);再如：Frenchwindow-----(idioms)落地窗，takeFrenchleaveFrenchgrey不辞而别，浅灰色GoDutchDutchwife→MidwifeAA制__?___?_3Sweetmeats(糖果)；sweetbreads(甜面包）？InEnglishwefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly,Boxingrings(拳击赛台)aresquare．Andwhyisthatwriterswrite,butfingersdon'tfing，grocersdon'tgroce,andhammersdon'tham?Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth,whyisn‘tthepluralofbooth，beeth?Onegoose，twogeese,So,onemoose(驼鹿),twomeese?(复数形式仍然是moose)；Onemouse,twomice;Onelouse(虱子),twolice;Onehouse?twohice?Ifteacherstaught,whydidn'tpreacherpraught?(preached)4Ifavegetarianeatsvegetables,whatdoesahumanitarianeat?Whydopeoplereciteataplay,andplayatarecital?Shipbytruckorcarandsendcargobyship?(动词与动词的功能差异；为什么演话剧时人们要朗诵，而在独奏会上却要演奏：----（polysemy)Havenosesthatrunandfeetthatsmell----（polysemy）?Parkondrivewaysanddriveonparkways?（美国的房子周围有driveway(入户的车道)：私人车道；parkway大路，干道)Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,whileawisemanandawiseguyareopposites?5Whenahouseburnsup,itbumsdown.----(metaphor)Youfillin(填写)aformbyfillingitout(填写好).。------------(collocation)Andanalarmclockgoesoff（闹钟响）bygoingon（闹钟走）．Yougetinandoutofacar,yetyougetonandoffabus.Ifthereisaphraseof“goldbar”,thenwhatdoes“goldbrick”mean?Andwhy,whenIwindupmywatch,Istartit,ButwhenIwindupthisessay,Iendit?---（polysemy）6Englishisacrazylanguage,fullofwondersandattractions,thusmakingitaninterestingsubjectaswellasausefulone.7WhatisEnglish?88EnglishasaLanguageCommon/popularlanguageInternationallanguageNativelanguageFirstlanguageSecondlanguageMothertongueForeignlanguageOfficiallanguageComputerlanguageWidely-usedlanguageInfluentiallanguageCosmopolitanlanguage(Esperanto)Universal/globallanguageBusinesslanguageScientificlanguageButwhatislanguage?-Codesystem,linguisticrules-communicativeabilities99EnglishasaToolcommunicationBridginggapsinternetE-mailLearning/studyingHowtomakethetoolusable/workable?Itisamatterof“use”insteadof“usage”!1010EnglishasSkillsListeningskillSpeakingskillReadingskillWritingskillTranslatingskillHowtolearn/command/developskills?Itisamatterof“can”insteadof“know”!1111EnglishasMeansConveythoughtsExpressfeelingFindgoodjobsStudyabroadSurviveinthe“globalvillage”CompetewithrivalsPayattentiontoitsfunctionsandyourperformance!1212EnglishasCulture&CulturesliteraturehistoryreligionbeliefsattitudesvaluesconceptscourtesymannerscustomsInternationalcommunicationiscross-culturalcommunication!Thetargetlanguagecultureandthespeaker’sculturalbackground!1313EnglishasBehavioreducationcultivationimagemannersprofitProperbehavior,spokenorwritten,canhelpwinthebusiness.Inappropriatebehaviorcanresultinlosingthebusiness.1414VarietiesofEnglishStandard/RoyalEnglishAmerican,BritishEnglishformalslangwrittenFour-letterwordtaboojargoninformalspokeneuphemismJapaneseEnglish,ChineseEnglish…Don’tjustlearntextbookEnglish,classroomEnglishandChineseEnglish!1515EnglishLearningPurposesEGP:EnglishforGeneralPurposesESP:EnglishforSpecific/SpecialPurposesEEP:EnglishforEducationalpurposesEAP:EnglishforAcademicPurposesEBP:EnglishforBusinessPurposesEOP:EnglishforOccupationalPurposesEST:EnglishforScienceandTechnologyEMP:EnglishforMedicalPurposesE…P:Don’tlearnEnglishjustforexaminationpurposes!1616TellmeandIforget.TeachmeandIremember.InvolvemeandIlearn.----BenjaminFranklinfromNewDirections(PeterS.Gardner)1998CUPWhatislearning?Learnersareanimportantresourcefortheirowncollectivelearning,andthisresourcecanbeaccessedthroughcollaboration,cooperationandexperientiallearning.fromDesigningTasksforCommunicativeClassroom(DavidNunan)CUP19891717intakeinputoutputnoticeLanguage(English)LearningProcessOutside-forcedinputSelf-driveninputPurposefulinputMotivated/effectiveinputLack,need,want,must1818forcedstimulatedmotivatedactivatedoutputnoticelackedwantedneededmustinputPurposefulReadingListeningMulti-sourcedEnglishLearningProcess19CourseDescriptionCourseName:AnIntroductiontoEnglishLexicologyCredits:2pointsTotalclasshours:17weeks,4thweek-NationalDaySubjects:2011(Business)Englishmajor:business1121,1122(77ps),andEnglish1121(21ps).Textbooks:…byWuhanUniversityPress20Aimsofthecourse:GiveasystematicdescriptionoftheEnglishvocabulary.OfferaninsightintotheoriginanddevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary.Discusstheproblemsofword-structureandword-formationStudytheuseofEnglishwords,theirmeaningsandchangesinmeaning,theirsenserelations,andfostertheabilitytouse“therightword”.Asasayinggoes,“Rightwordsinrightplacesmakesagoodwriting”.21222324252627282930Significanceofthecourse:Enlargeyourpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreaseyourwordpower(activevocabulary).Understandword-meaningandorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.Raiseyourawarenessofmeaningandusages,usewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately.Developyourskillsandhabitsofanalyzingandgene