现代大学英语精读5第四单元Professions For Women

ProfessionsForWomenMADEBYJONIOR,CLASS2NO.10,16,18,25,34,35弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫•1882-1941,Englishnovelist,criticandessayist•Bornandbroughtupinanupper-middle-class,sociallyactive,literaryfamily.•Waseducatedathome,becomingavoraciousreaderofthebooksinherfather’sextensivelibrary.•Experiencedherfirstboutofmentalillnessafterhermother’sdeathandsufferedfrombipolardisorder,mania-depressionillness,fortherestofherlife.-WorksEARLYWORKSTheVoyageOut,1915《出海》NightandDay,1919《日夜》LATERWORKSJacob’sRoom,1922《雅各的房间》Mrs.Dalloway,1925《黛洛维夫人》TotheLighthouse,1927《到灯塔去》Orlando,1928《奥尔兰多》TheWaves,1931《海浪》TheYears,1937《年月》•BetweentheActs,1941《幕与幕之间》COLLECTIONSOFESSAYS,literarycommentaries•ARoomofOne’sOwn,1929《一间自己的房间》•MomentsofBeing,1941,《存在的瞬间》-THEMES•AsanovelistWoolf'sprimaryconcernwastorepresenttheflowofordinaryexperience.•Heremphasiswasnotonplotorcharacterizationbutonacharacter'sconsciousness,thoughtsandfeelings,whichshebrilliantlyilluminatedbythestreamofconsciousnesstechniqueandinteriormonologue•Shewroteaboutthemindandinnerselfofhercharacters,andshetriedabovealltorepresenthowtimeevolvedinthemind.MOMENTSOFBEING(瞬间的存在)•Shethoughtthateachindividualreactsinadifferentwaytothehundredsofsensationsandimpressionsheorshereceiveseveryday:•“Lifeisaluminoushalo（发光的光环）…surroundingusfromthebeginningofconsciousnesstotheend”.•She,therefore,eliminatedtraditionalplotsanddirectdialogues.Externalrealitylostitstraditionalimportance,exceptfortheinfluenceithadoninnerlife,thelifeofmind.•Shelimitedtheactiontooneday(MrsDalloway),ortotwodifferentdays(TotheLighthouse),orafewhours(BetweentheActs).•Sherecordedmomentsthatshecalled“momentsofbeing”whichencapsulate（总结、概括）reallifeandtherealselfandaremomentsofintuitionthroughwhichatruthisperceived.Thisiswhyshesometimesdevotedhundredofpagestoasingledaybecauseaninsignificantexternalincidenthasstartedachainofthoughtswhileatothertimesshedealtwithanumberofyearsinjustafewpages.MOMENTSOFBEING(瞬间的存在)WomenInAncientTimeThreeObediencesandFourVirtuesforWomanObeyherfatherbeforemarriage(未嫁从父)Obeyherhusbandwhenmarriage(既嫁从夫)Obeyhersonsinwidowhood(夫死从子)Morality(妇德)Properspeech(妇言)Modestmanner(妇容)Diligentwork(妇功)Befaithfultoone’shusbandtotheendChastitymemorialarch(贞节牌坊):Astonearcherectedbythegovernmentofformertimesinhonorofachastewomanwidowedatayoungage.Thestarvingtodeathmatterissmall,thebeingdisloyalmatterisbig.SevenoftheArticleAhusbandcanabandonhiswiferightlyifshe：First,isnotfilial.(不顺父母)Second,hasnoson.(无子)Third,iswanton.(淫)Fourth,tendstobejealous.(妒)Fifth,hasseriousdisease.(有恶疾)Sixth,isgossipyorhasabigmouth.(口多言)Seventh,steals.(盗窃)Foot-bindingInfavorofwomanbeingimprisonedinaboudoir(闺房)，thescopeoftheiractivitiesbestrictlylimitedtocomplywiththe“ThreeObedienceandFourVirtues”.Thepropriety,accordingtoman’sdesiretoachievetheexclusivepurposeoftheirvirginity(纯洁).Socialrootsofthepopularfoot-binding缠足是中国封建社会特有的一种装饰陋习。其具体做法是用一条狭长的布袋，将妇女的足踝紧紧缚住，从而使肌骨变态，脚形纤小屈曲，以符合当时的审美观。在缠足时代，绝大多数妇女大约从四、五岁起便开始裹脚，一直到成年之后，骨骼定型，方能将布带解开；也有终身缠裹，直到老死之日。Thewomanthemselvesbodyandtheresultingphysiologicalandotherchangestobetterassumetheirfuturefertilitytool.Thewilloftherulesofthepeopleoftheworld.Thefeudalgentry(上流社会人)morbid(病态的)aestheticdictates.Manywoman,suchasfeudalliterati(文人、学者)asaplaying,morbidaesthetic,enjoyingahobbyfeet.男性在社会、政治、经济、文化等其他一切领域中占据着绝对主导地位，而女人的活动空间仅仅局限在家庭之内，由此可以看出男性的统治地位和女性的附属地位，女人依附男人而存在，男人创造了整个世界。而女人只不过是男人身上的一根肋骨而已。女人为男人而生，为男人而死，地位是何等的低贱卑微。Inlongslavesocietyandfeudalsociety,productivityisverylow.Whetherinthefieldsorintheworkshop,mostoftheworkisheavymanuallabor.Thusmanoccupyinherentphysiologicaladvantage.Womentakecareofthechildren,dohousework,andtheycreatethevalueofhardtolikethevalueofmancreatedintheformofcurrency.Womanbecomesubservienttothemenslowly,womenbecometheirslavestools.Mancanlikebuyingandsellinganimalsregardwomenasprivatepropertytotradeandbusiness.Meninthesocial,political,economic,culturalandotherfieldsoccupiestheabsolutedominantposition,butawoman'sactivityspacelimitedwithinthefamily.Thusitcanbeseenthatthedominanceofmaleandfemalesubordinatestatus.Mencreatedthewholeworld.Thewomanisonlyoneofman'sribs.Womanborntoaman,womanformantodeath.Howlowlyhumblestatus.Women’sStatusAtHomeWomanplayedanimportantroleinsociety.•Nowmanywomenaregoingintoprofessions,suchasmedicine,lawandengineering.Theycomprisealargepartoftheworkersinbusinessesandfactories.Inaddition,theyareworkinguptoimportantpositionswhichusedtobeheldmainlybymen.Thereareevensomebusinesseswhichareruncompletelybewomen.Clearly,womenaremakingoutstandingcontributionstotheprogressofmodernsociety.•女性在现代社会中发挥着举足轻重的作用。如今许多女性走上工作岗位，如医学，法律和工程行业。他们中也包含一大部分企业和工厂的工人。另外，他们也逐渐进入之前只由男性来担任的工作岗位。甚至有一些企业纯粹由女性来运作。显然，妇女在现代社会的进步中做出了突出贡献。BUTTheroleofwomeninHOMEisstillbelowtheman.Inthereality,youcanalwayshearthewordbeatingone'swifeinsteadofbeatingone'shusband.Because,therearestillsomepeoplewhoassertthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Firstly,manyjobsmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysicallynotstrongenough.Secondly,mostoftheworld-famousscientistsandstatesmenarefoundtobemales.Finally,thewholesocietyseemstohavealwaysbeend