工业酒精的提

工业酒精的提纯演讲：芮鹏组长：芮鹏组员：姜悦金欢戴峥嵘嵇晓敏钱磊———第六组乙醇的介绍：乙醇分子由烃基（－C2H5）和官能团羟基（－OH）两部分构成，其物理性质（熔沸点、溶解性）与此有关。乙醇是无色、透明、有香味、易挥发的液体，熔点－117.3℃，沸点78.5℃，密度0.7893g/cm3，能与水及大多数有机溶剂以任意比混溶。各种饮用酒里都含有乙醇，酒精过量能引起中毒，因此青少年不能饮用含酒精的饮料。工业酒精含乙醇约95％。含乙醇达99.5％以上的酒精称无水乙醇。其中少量的水无法用蒸馏法除去。工业酒精中含有少量甲醇，有毒，不能掺水饮用。乙醇的化学性质也很多，能发生氧化反应，取代反应，脱水反应等。Ethanolisintroduced:ethanolmoleculeconsistsofTingJi(-C2H5)andfunctionalhydroxyl(OH)twocomponents,anditsphysicalproperties(meltingboilingpoint,solubility)andrelevanthere.Ethanolisacolorless,transparent,havefragrance,volatileliquid,meltingpoint-℃,boilingpoint℃117.37.850.7893g/cm3density,canwithwaterandmostorganicsolventsthanimmisciblewitharbitrary.Variousdrinkingwinecontainsethanol,toomuchalcoholcancausepoisoning,soteenagerscannotdrinkalcoholicdrinks.Industrialalcoholincludingethanolabout95%.Includingethanolreaches99.5%abovealcoholsayanhydrousalcohol.Amongthemasmallamountofwatercannotdistillationineliminate.Industrialalcoholcontainsafewmethanol,poisonous,can'twaterblendingisdrinkable.Ethanolchemistryisverymuchalso,canoxidationreaction,substitutionreaction,dehydrationreaction,etc.实验原理PRINCIPLE实验原理工业酒精的提纯一般采用蒸馏的方法，蒸出的酒精就是较纯的。蒸馏(又称简单蒸馏)是分离和提纯液态有机化合物的最常用的重要方法之一.应用这一方法,不仅可以把挥发性物质与不挥发性物质分离,还可以把沸点不同的物质以及有色的杂质分离.在通常情况下,纯粹的液态物质在大气压力下有一定的沸点.为了制得乙醇含量为99.5%的无水乙醇,实验室中常用最简便的制备方法是生石灰法,即利用生石灰与工业酒精中的水反应生成不挥发,一般加热生成不分解的熟石灰(氢氧化钙),在利用甲醇乙醇沸点不同，蒸馏出甲醇，以得到无水乙醇。为了使反应充分进行,除了将反应物混合放置过夜外,还让其加热回流一段时间.制得的无水乙醇(纯度可达99.5%)用直接蒸馏法收集.这样的无水乙醇已能满足一般实验使用.若要制得绝对无水乙醇(纯度99.95%),则将制得的无水乙醇和金属钠进一步处理,除去残余的微量水分即可.实验原理PRINCIPLEThepurificationofindustrialalcoholusuallyadoptsthedistillationmethod,steamedoutofalcoholisrelativelypure.Distillation(alsocalledsimpledistillation)isseparationandpurificationofliquidorganiccompoundsofthemostcommonlyusedoneoftheimportantways.Applicationofthismethod,notonlycanthevolatilesubstanceandvolatilematerialseparation,stillcanputtheboilingpointofdifferentmaterialandcoloredimpurityseparation.Normally,pureliquidsubstancesinatmosphericpressurehascertainboilingpoint.Inordertoethanolcontentsystemfor99.5%ofanhydrousalcohol,laboratorycommonlyusedinthepreparationofthesimplestmethodisquicklimemethod,i.e.useofwaterwithindustrialalcoholreactsnon-volatile,generallyaren'theateddecompositionofShouShiHui(hl),togetanhydrousalcohol.Inordertomaketheresponsesufficiently,besidesreactantsbeingmixedplacedovernightoutside,stillletitsheatingbackflowforaperiodoftime.Preparationofanhydrousalcohol(puritycanreaches99.5%)withdirectdistillationcollection.SuchanhydrousalcoholhassatisfiesthegeneralexperimentUSES.Ifwantmadeabsoluteanhydrousalcohol(purity99.95%),willsystemofanhydrousalcoholandsodiummetalfurtherprocessing,removeresidualtracemoisturecan.关键词KEYWORDS蒸馏生石灰金属钠甲醇乙醇distillationquickmethodsodiummethanolethanol主要原料MATERIALS适量无水硫酸铜生石灰工业酒精金属钠ModerateanhydrouscoppersulfateLimeIndustrialalcoholSodiummetal主要仪器EQUIPMENTS电热套蒸馏瓶接受管冷凝管温度计蒸馏头铁架台石棉网接收器烧杯长颈漏斗ElectrothermalsetDistillationbottleAccepttubeCondensingtubesthermometerDistillationheadhobTaiwanAsbestosnetsReceiverBeakerVatidaefunnel详细操作步骤SOP1,前期准备将100ml95%乙醇,15g生石灰装入100ml蒸馏瓶,摇匀后用橡皮塞塞紧并放置过夜.2,回流将装有放置过夜的物料的蒸馏瓶加上冷凝管,装配好回流装置并在电热套上加热回流.3,蒸馏回流结束后,待反应体系稍冷,将其改装成蒸馏装置.用电热套加热蒸馏，甲醇（沸点64.5℃）先出来，乙醇（沸点78.5℃）后出来。4,对比实验取后馏分1ml于小试管中,加入无水硫酸铜,观察现象.用95%乙醇作对比实验,并得出结论.详细操作步骤SOP1,preparationWill100mlcanister95%ethanol,15gslakingload100mlcanisterdistillationbottle,shakewellbeforeusingrubberstopplepluggedandplaceovernight.2,reflowWiththematerialofplaceovernight,plusthecondensepipedistillationbottleassemblecircumfluenceequipment.inandinelectrothermalcoveronheatingbackflow.3,distillationBackflowended,stayreactionsystem,itwillbeacoldconvertedintoadistillationunit.Usingelectro-thermalsetofheatingdistillation,methanol(boilingpoint6.45℃)outfirst,ethanol(boilingpointout.℃)after7.854,comparativeexperimentsTakeafter1mlinsmallfractiontubes,joinwithoutwater,coppersulfatewith95%ethanol.Observedphenomenaascomparativeexperiments,andconcluded.实验装置图安全问题SAFETYPOINTS必须在烧瓶中加入沸石,以防止在回流和蒸馏过程中发生爆沸.沸石应在加热前加入,在蒸馏过程中,若发现未加沸石,则应先停止加热,稍冷(待液体温度下降到沸点以下),方可加入沸石当烧瓶中的物料变为糊状物时,表示蒸馏已接近尾声.此时,应立即停止加热,利用电热套的余温将剩余的液体蒸出,以避免烧瓶过热破裂.蒸馏时液体不能蒸干,即使温度计读数仍在沸点范围内,也应在被蒸液体剩0.5～1mL时停止蒸馏,以免馏瓶破裂或发生其他意外事故.Mustbeinaflaskjoinzeolite,topreventthebackflowanddistillationprocessoccursblastingboiling.Zeoliteinheatingbeforejoining,shouldbeindistillationprocess,ifdiscoverdidnotaddboilingstone,itshouldfirststopheating,slightlycold(stayliquidtemperaturedroppedtoundertheboilingpoint),fangkejoinzeoliteWhenthematerialintomushflask,saiddistillationisnearinganend.Inthiscase,youmuststopusingelectricheatingofthreadswillsurplusliquidsteamedout,inordertoavoidoverheatingruptureflask.Distillliquidcannotzhengganeventhermometerreadingsisstillintheboilingpointvanwai,alsoshouldbewithinthesteamedliquidleftby0.5~1mLwhenyoustopdistillation,lestfractionsbottleburstortheoccurrenceofotheraccident.资料来源REFERENCES通过上网，百度搜索得到的资料