基于PLC的升降控制装置的设计

华北电力大学本科毕业设计（论文）I摘要本文介绍的主要内容是基于PLC的升降控制系统。吊篮是一种垂直方向的运输设备，是当前高层建筑建设中不可缺少的升降运输设备。它依靠电力，拖动一个可以载人或物的轿厢，在建筑的井道内导轨上做垂直升降运动，在高层建造过程中起着举足轻重的作用，应用也十分广泛。而控制吊篮升降运行的PLC系统也要求越来越高，要求吊篮的升降运行平稳，操作方便，具有较高的安全性。本次操作的整个升降系统通过PLC、逻辑控制电路等对吊篮的点动升降和长动升降以及升降过程中的制动控制。该系统主要由PLC、逻辑控制电路、梯形图等组成，其中包括交流异步电动机、继电器、接触器、行程开关、按钮开关、变频器组成为一体的控制系统。本次设计的操作控制单元采用日本三菱公司生产的FX系列的可编程控制器对机器进行全过程控制。其结构简单、操作方便、运行效率高、升降精度高、易于理解与掌握。关键词：可编程控制器；变频器；梯形图华北电力大学本科毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractThisarticleisbasedonthemovementsofPLCcontrolsystem.Basketisaverticaltransportationequipment,high-risebuildingconstructioninthecurrentmovementsoftransportequipmentessential。Itdependselectricpower,draggingalongtomoveacarthatcancarrypersonorthingandleadatrackinthebuildingofthewellwayupdoperpendicularitytoascendanddescendsport,thereisprominentfunctioninthepeople'slife，pplicationsarealsoverywide。ThebasketliftoperationcontrolPLCsystemshavebecomeincreasinglydemanding,requiredtorunasmoothriseandfallbasket,moderatespeed,easyoperationandhighsafety.TheoperationoftheliftingsystembyPLC,logiccontrolcircuitpointonthebasketliftandmovedownanddownalongprocessofdynamicbrakecontrol.ThesystemiscomposedofPLC,logiccontrolcircuits,ladderetc,includingACinductionmotors,relays,contactors,limitswitch,buttonswitch,frequencyconverterconsistingofintegratedcontrolsystem.ThisdesignoftheoperationcontrolunitmanufacturedbyJapan'sMitsubishiFXseriesprogrammablecontrollercontrolsthewholeprocessofthemachine.Itssimplestructure,convenientoperation,highefficiency,highaccuracy,easytounderstandandgrasp.Keywords:PLC；Ladder；Converter华北电力大学本科毕业设计（论文）目录摘要................................................................................................................................IAbstract.........................................................................................................................II1绪论...........................................................................................................................11.1课题研究的目的和意义.........................................................................................11.2升降设备的简介.....................................................................................................11.3PLC在升降控制中的应用.....................................................................................21.4PLC的发展趋势.....................................................................................................41.5课题研究的主要内容.............................................................................................52吊篮升降控制系统总体方案设计...........................................................................62.1吊篮的硬件组成.....................................................................................................62.2PLC型号的选择.....................................................................................................72.2.1输入输出(I/O)点数的估算.................................................................................82.2.2存储器容量的估算.............................................................................................93吊篮升降控制系统的硬件设计.............................................................................103.1电动机的选择.......................................................................................................103.2主电路图...............................................................................................................113.2变频器的选择......................................................................................................123.3控制电路图..........................................................................................................133.4升降速过程的PLC实现.....................................................................................134吊篮升降控制系统的软件设计.............................................................................154.1设计的总体思路构想..........................................................................................154.2基于PLC的吊篮控制系统的设计.....................................................................154.3升降过程的分析..................................................................................................165仿真调试..................................................................................................................215.1软件仿真..............................................................................................................215.2仿真调试..............................................................................................................22结论.............................................................................................................................27参考文献.....................................................................................................................28致谢.......................................................................................................................29华北电力大学本科毕业设计（论文）11绪论1.1课题研究的目的和意义近几年来，随着当前经济的不断增长，城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑的不断增多，吊篮作为高层建筑中垂直运行的交通工具，吊篮在现代城市高层建设中有着广泛的应用。电动高处作业吊篮采用国内外先进技术，在于其整体结构紧凑，在施工中的安装和卸载方便，操作简单灵活，它即可以应用于建筑外墙的抹灰、贴面砖，安装幕墙、涂料、清洗、维修，又可以应用于桥梁、大坝、大型船舶等大型建造物的维