2020高考英语定语从句详解课件(共36张PPT)

1.什么是定语？mybookthreebooksanEnglishbookaninterestingbookamannamedJim单个的词做定语放名词或代词短语（或是句子）做定语放名词或代词前后Blackisthemanwhoisveryfamous.主句从句连词(定语从句中)---关系词关系代词关系副词先行词引导词/关系词Moziwasanotherteacherwho/thatwasveryinfluential.Thegirl(whom/that)Italkwithinthelibraryismybestfriend.Hecamefromafamilywhich/thatwasverypoor.Menciuswroteabook(which/that)manypeoplehaveread.MenciuswasathinkerwhoseteachingsweresimilartothoseofConfucius.Don’tgetclosetothehousewhoseroofisbeingrepaired.Heissuchagoodboyasallofuslike.HeiswearingthesamehatasIworeyesterday.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslateforclasswasthathewasill.关系代词whothatwhom（宾语）先行词是人且先行词在从句中做主语或是宾语（做宾语时可以省略）thatwhich先行词是物时，且先行词在从句中做主语或宾语（做宾语时可以省略）Whose当先行词在从句中做定语时，无论是人还是物都用whose关系词/引导词关系副词关系副词先行词在从句中做状语时间状语地点状语原因状语when=介词+whichwhere=介词+whichwhy=for+which用that引导的情况1.Tellmeeverything______youknow.2.Hetoldusall____hehaddone当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,theone,none,little,much等词时3.Ididn’twantalltheglasses_____wereonthetabletofalloffontothefloor.4.ThisistheonlyEnglish-Chinesedictionary______Ihave.当先行词被thevery,both,theonly,all,every,no,any,few,little,等修饰时5.Thisisthemostbeautifulcity____Ihavevisited.6.Thisisthebest_____hasbeenusedagainstpollution.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时thatthatthatthatthatthat7.ThegeneralscomplainedtheDefenseDepartmenthadnotsenttheextramanandequipment____theyneeded.当先行词既是人又是物时8.Whichisthecoat____youlikebest?Whoistheman____wastalkingtoyou?当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时thatthatthat10.ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词时1.Those_____wanttogothereraiseyourhands.2.Anyone_____brokethewindowcouldbepunished.3.He_____doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.4.Thereisagentleman____wantstoseeyou.5.Therelivedaking_____waskindtopeople.先行词是指人的不定代词one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等；用于therebe指人的句型中。whowhowho一般用关系代词who的情况whowho1.Thisisthefilm_________________Ilikebest.2.Thisisthefilm_____________isinteresting.3.Theman___________iseatingishandsome.4.Theman_____________________Ilikebestismyfather.5.Thisisthedesk________legsarebroken.6.Wesenttheboy_________legswerehurttothehospital.which/that/省略which/thatwho/thatwhom/who/that/省略whosewhose1.Iwillneverforgettheday_________________Iwenttotheuniversity.when/onwhichontheday2.Ihavefoundapeacefulplace_________________wecanstudywhere/inwhichintheplace3.Thisisthereason________________hewaslate.why/forwhichforthereasonwhose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookofwhichthecoverisyellow?(4)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.关系代词asSuchbooks_____youboughtareuseless.asThisisthesamedictionary_____Iusedyesterday.asthesamedictionary_____Iusedyesterday.that这和我昨天用的是一样的词典。这就是我昨天用的那本词典。总结：such+名词+as像…一样的，像…之类thesame+名词+as和…同样的as在句中担当主语或宾语像你买的这样的书是没有用的。Wehavefoundsuchmachines_____areusedintheirfactory.as先行词是way意为“方式、方法”关系词有三种形式inwhichthat不填Thewayheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.thatwhich不填Thewayheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.thatinwhich不填先行词是time的情况若time做“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可以省略；若time做“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。1.It’sthefirsttime____IhavebeentoBeijing.2.Therewasatime_____Ioftenwenttothepark.thatwhen主谓一致1.oneof+名词复数+关系代词+复数动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.2.theonlyoneof+名词复数+关系代词+单数动词TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.oneof=nottheonlyoneofTherebe句型句子的主语是先行词且又是指物的名词时。TherearetwolettersthatIhavetoreplyto.Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipfor3years.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenIdon’tunderstandtheway__________________theyworkedouttheproblem.Dinwhich/that/省略1.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which/that)youtalkedaboutlastnight.Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?注意：介词提前且先行词指物时只能用介词+which而不能用介词+thataboutthat×Isthisthelibrary________youborrowbooks?A.fromwhichB.thatC.ofwhichD.fromthatAExample2.Theboyisinthelab.Youwanttotalktohim.Theboy(whom/that/who/不填)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.3.Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom/that/who/不填)Isitbehind.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.介词+关系代词用法总结1.当关系代词充当介词的宾语，介词又放在关系代词之前时，先行词指物用“介词+which”；先行词指人用“介词+whom”，其他关系代词不能用于此结构。2.介词提前时，关系代词不能省略Idon’tknowthethingaboutwhichtheyquarreledyesterday.注：介词放在后面时，关系代词可以省略e.g.YouarenotthefirstIhavesaidnoto.ThemanwithwhomIshookhandsjustnowisherteacher.3.在不改变句意的情况下才可以将从句动词短语里的介词提前有些短语则不可以：listento;lookat;dependon;takecareof;lookinto;breakinto;getridof;lookforwardtoThepen____heusedtowriteislost.A:bywhichB:withwhichC:inwhichD:withthatB非限制性定语从句1.Thepersonwhomyoutalktojustnowhascomeagain.2.Mary,whostudiesinshanghai,willc