中国文化概况(英文)

Chapter1AnOverviewAGlimpseofChineseCulture本章教学的目的1.中国标志的基本了解;2.中国地理、历史、人口、民族、政治体制、经济的基本概况;3.学生介绍自己的家乡。本章教学的重难点1.中国标志（国旗、国徽、国歌、首都）；2.中国地理位置、地形、人口、民族、经济改革；3.学生家乡的自我介绍。本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解（80minutes）1.BriefintroductiontoChinesesymbols(20minutes)2.Geography(15minutes)3.Anoutlinehistory(10minutes)4.Administrativedivisions(5minutes)5.Population(5minutes)6.DistributionoftheEthnicgroups(10minutes)7.ThepoliticalSystem(5minutes)8.EconomicDevelopmentandReform(10minutes)学生介绍(20minutes)BriefintroductiontoChineseSymbolsNationalDayNationalEmblemNationalAnthemNationalCapitalChinesecelebrateOctober1asNationalDayinhonourofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)onOctober1,1949.NationalDayNationalFlagTheredcoloroftheflagsymbolizesrevolutionandtheyellowcolorofthestarsthegoldenbrilliantraysradiatingfromthevastredland.ThedesignofthefoursmallerstarssurroundingabiggeronesignifiestheunityoftheChinesepeopleundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina.NationalEmblemComposedofpatternsofthenationalflag,theTian’anmenRostrum,awheelgearandearsofwheat,itsymbolizestheNew-DemocraticRevolutionoftheChinesepeoplesincetheMay4thMovementin1919andthebirthofNewChina.NationalAnthemMarchoftheVolunteerswaswrittenin1935andwasofficiallyadoptedasthenationalanthemofthePRConDecember4,1982.ThelyricsofMarchoftheVolunteersgoesasfollow:Arise,yewhorefusetobeslaves;LetusamountourfleshandbloodtowardsournewGreatWall!TheChinesenationfacesitsgreatestperil,Thethunderingroarofourpeoplewillbeheard!Arise!Arise!Arise!Wearemany,butourheartsbeatasone!Selflesslybravingtheenemy’sgunfire,marchon!Selflesslybravingtheenemy’sgunfire,marchon!Marchon!Marchon!on!NationalCapitalOnSeptember27,1949,BeiPingwasrenamedasBeijingandbecamecapitalofthePRC.Beijingisnotonlythenation’spoliticalcentre,butalsoservesastiseconomic,scientificamdculturalheart.Geography(15minutes)LocationandBoundaryTopographyRiversandLakesClimateLocationandBoundaryWhat’sthelocationofChinaintheMap?LocatedintheeastoftheAsiancontinent,onthewesternshoreofthePacificocean,thePRChasalandareaofabout9.6millionsqkm,andisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,nextonlytoRussiaandCanada.TopographyWhatarethefeaturesofChinesetopography?Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Takingabird’s-eyeviewofChina,theterraindescendsfromthewesttoeastlikeafour-staircase:1)Qinghai-TibetPlateauinSouthwestChina;(above4000m)2)InnerMongoliaPlateau,theLoessPlateau,theYunnan-GuizhouPlateau,theTarimBain,theJunggarBasinandSichuanBasin;(1000m-2000m)3)TheNortheastPlain,theNorthChinaPlainandtheMiddle-LowerYangtzePlain;(500-1000m)4)ThecontinentalshelfRiversandLakesMorethan1,500riverseachdrain1,000sqkmorlargerareasRichinwater-powerresourcesExteriorandinteriorriversystemsTheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver24,800naturallakesTheGrandCanalWhat’syourimpressionoftheYangtzeRiver?TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina;(6,300km)Itflowsthrough11provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalities.ItisoneofthemainarteryofwatertransportationbetweeneasternandwesternChina.What’syourimpressionoftheYellowRiver?TheYellowRiverisChina’ssecondlongestriver;(5,464km)Themostheavilysilt-ladenriverintheworld.TheYellowrivercatchmentareaisanimportantbaseforgrainsinChina.AnythingabouttheGrandCanal?TheGrandCanalisalsocalledJinghangCanal(1,801km)Thecanalwasopentonavigationover1,000yearsago.Itpassesthroughonecity,fourprovincesandlinksfivemajorrivers.ClimateAwarmclimateanddistinctseasonsContinentalmonsoonclimateinChina:1)coldanddrywinters;2)warmandhumidsummers;Anoutlinehistory(10minutes)YuanmouManandPekingManTheAncientPeriodTheModernTimesYuanmouManandPekingManThefirstprimitivemanknowntohaveexistedinChinaisYuanmouMan,wholived1.7millionyearsago.PekingMan,whoexistedmorethan400,000yearsago,couldwalkupright,makeandusesimpletools,andmakeuseoffire.TheAncientPeriodWhyarewecalled“thedescendantsofYanandHuang(炎黄子孙)”?Chinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedintoone.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallythemsfelf“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.YuconqueringthefloodYuinspiredpeopletodigditchestodivertwaterinsteadofbuildingdams.Heworkedceaselesslyfor13yearsandsucceededincontrollingthefloods.TheFirstEmperorofQinHeunifiedtheLanguage,themeasurementsystemandthecurrency,setuptheprefecturesandcountiessystem,constructedthefamousGreatWallandbuiltextravagantpalacesandmausoleums.AdministrativeDivisions(5minutes)Three-tiersystem(三级建制),dividingthenationintoprovinces,countiesandtownships；AtpresentChinahas23provinces,5autonomousregions,4municipalitiesandtwospecialadministrativeregions(SAR：特别行政区)Population(5minutes)MorerecentdatausingsamplingbytheNationalBureauofStatisticsannouncedthatattheendof2005,thepopulationofChinawas1,307.56million.Whatis“onechildpolicy”?Itisapolicyoffamilyplanning,hopingtocontrolthepopulationincrease,improvepopulation