高考阅读理解专题--主旨大意

1、细节理解题(questionsofdetails)2、词义猜测题(wordsincontext)3、推理判断题(questionsofinference)4、主旨归纳题(mainidea)4、主旨归纳题(mainidea)StepI:Lead-in主旨大意题型常见提问形式?a.Themainidea/topic/besttitleofthepassageis______.b.Thisparagraphmainlytalksabout/discusses____.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.c.Whatisthebesttitle/themainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?d.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarize/expresstheauthor’smainpoint?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?…thebesttitle/themainidea主旨大意Howdowesumupthemainideafromaparagraphorpassage?查找主旨、标题时，注意最基本、最具有概括力的信息。1.Choosethemostgeneralword.A)chemistB)physicistC)scientistD)biologist2.Choosethemostgeneralsentence.A)Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10a.m.daily.B)TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.C)Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.D)ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.3.Readthefollowingandchoosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.A)EconomicPrinciplesB)LawofSupplyandDemandC)MoreGoods,LowerPricesD)FewerGoods,HigherPricesStepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage(1-2)quickly,andunderlinethetopicsentenceorthetopicparagraphineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructureandthetransitionalwords(过渡词).1.段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句出现在段首。1Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.FindthetopicsentenceLetusconsiderhowvoicetrainingmaycontributetopersonalitydevelopmentandanimprovedsocialadjustment.Inthefirstplace,ithasbeenfairlywellestablishedthatindividualstendtobecomewhattheybelieveotherpeoplethinkthemtobe.Whenpeoplereactmorefavorablytowardusbecauseourvoicesconveytheimpressionthatwearefriendly,competent,andinteresting,thereisastrongtendencyforustodevelopthosequalitiesinourpersonality.Ifwearetreatedwithrespectbyothers,wesooncometohavemorerespectforourselves.Then,too,one‘sownconsciousnessofhavingapleasant,effectivevoiceofwhichhedoesnotneedtobeashamedcontributesmateriallytoafeelingofpoise（泰然自若）,self-confidence,andajustprideinhimself.Agoodvoice,likegoodclothescandomuchforanego（自我）thatotherwisemightbeinclinedtodroop（萎靡）.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis:A)OurEgoB)TheReflectionofOurPersonalityC)HowtoAcquireaPleasantVoiceD)VoiceTraininginPersonalityDevelopmentTip1:atthebeginning主题句(Topicsentence)在段首:一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage3&4quickly,andfindthetopicsentenceandtopicparagraphineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructure.3.Discussaboutyouranswer.Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown(bythemselves).Stillotherslikeademocratic(民主的)discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevised(design)tosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpractice,isnowoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?No.SometimestheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimorher.Evenif,forpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justtouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding(误解)amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved(保守的)inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesaremorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsinterestinfurtherrelationswithyou.(05安徽)67.Themainpurposeofthetextis______.A.totellussomedifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWestB.toofferussomeimportantfactsabouthandshakingC.tointroduceustosomedifferentcustomsintheWestD.togiveussomeadvicebeforewetravelabroadTip2:attheend主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。Wesurveyedlocalresidentsinthreeuniversitytownsthroughoutthestatetofindouttheiropinionsonthestudentsinthosetowns.Wequestionedoverthreethousandpeopleandfoundthatsinceourlastsurveythreeyearsago,attitudestowardsstudentshavechangedconsiderably.“Lazy”“scruffy”and“bad-mannered”washowmorethan40%ofthosequestioneddescribedstudents，upfrom22%inthelastsurvey.Thisyearonly25%consideredstudentstobe“polite