牛津高中英语模块四unit1--Grammar-and-usage

GrammarandUsageDirectspeechandreportedspeech直接引语和间接引语•直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句；直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。•直接引语：Shesaid,“Mybrother’snameisTom.”Heaskedme,“Wheredoyoulive?”•间接引语：Shesaidthatherbrother’snamewasTom.HeaskedmewhereIlived.直接引语和间接引语的转换•在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。1、如何变人称：口诀：一随主,二随宾，第三人称不更新1.Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”→Shesaid_____brotherwantedtogoshoppingwith___2.Shesaidtome,“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→Shetoldmethat___playedbasketballbetterthan____.3.Hesaid,“Shewillcometohavealongholidaywithus.”→Hesaidthat_____wouldcometohavealongholidaywith_____.herherIhershethem2.若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语现在时过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变将来时过去将来时将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时1.Hesaid,“I’mapoliceman.”Hesaidthathewasapoliceman.2.Hesaid,“I’mplayingfootballnow.”Hesaidthathewasplayingfootballthen.3.Hesaid,“Ihavedonemyhomework.”Hesaidthathehaddonehishomework.4.Hesaid,“Isawafilmyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadseenafilmthedaybefore.5.Hesaid,“Ihadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Hesaidthathehadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendofthetermbefore.注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingcookingwhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidhewasdoingcokingwhenTomcametoseehim.→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3.指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。如下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthenthatdaythatnightthisweeklastweekyesterdayfivedaysagotomorrownextweekthatweektheweekbeforethedaybeforefivedaysbeforethenextdaythenextweek地点状语herethere动词comegoEx:Page9(1)was(2)wouldbe(3)hadread(4)that(5)would(6)hadbought(7)that(8)would(9)those(10)her4.若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或whether。如：•Sheaskedhermother,“CanIgoshoppingwithyou?”Sheaskedhermotherif/whethershecouldgoshoppingwithher.•Heaskedme,“WillyouhaveatestonThursday?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldhaveatestonThursday.5.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序。如：•“Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonbooks?”heaskedme.HeaskedmehowmuchmoneyIspentonbooks.•“Whatisyouruncle?”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhatmyunclewas.6.当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为tell(ask,order,advise,encourage,warn)sb.(not)todosth.的句型。直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）”1.Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.”Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.2.Mymothersaidtome,“Pleasecomeandhelpme.”Mymotheraskedmetogoandhelpher.3.Hesaid,Let'sgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies./Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.KeytoExerciseA2.askedhowitcouldhelphimrememberEnglishwords.3.Askedwhether/ifittaughtlisteningandspeaking.4.askedwhatthedesignerwoulddoifshewasnotsatisfiedwiththesoftware.5.askedwhether/ifitwaseasytouse.KeytoExerciseB2.Theexpertencouragesustouseinterestingandattractivephotos.3.Theexpertrecommendsthatwe(should)useeye-catchinglogos.4.Theexpertsuggeststhatwe(should)maketheslogansshortandeasytoremember.5.Theexperttellsustomakegooduseofcolorstoattractpeople’sattention.把下列句子改为间接引语1.“Idon’tthinkIwillbeabletofinishitintime,”Mikesaid.2.“It’sthemostinterestingfilmI’veeverseen,”hetoldhisfriend.Mikesaidthathedidn’tthinkhewouldbeabletofinishitintime.Hetoldhisfriendthatitwasthemostinterestingfilmhehadeverseen.3.Thedoctorsaid,“Themanhashurthislegratherbadly.”4.Mymothersaid,“Haveyourbadtoothbeenpulledout?”5.“Howwillyougotothepark?”Brownsaidtohisyoungerbrother.Thedoctorsaidthatthemanhadhurthislegratherbadly.Mymotheraskedifmybadtoothhadbeenpulledout.Brownaskedhisyoungerbrotherhowhewouldgotothepark.把下列句子改为直接引语1.Heaskedwhypeoplewenttohamburgerrestaurants.2.ThestudenttoldhisheadteacherthathewouldgototheGreatWallthenextday.Heasked,“Whydopeoplegotohamburgerrestaurants?”Thestudentsaidtohisheadteacher,“I’llgototheGreatWalltomorrow.”3.Iaskedherifsheenjoyedthemovieshehadseen.4.Mr.WangaskedhowhecouldimprovehisspokenEnglish.5.SheaskedmewhatIhadeatenthedaybefore.Isaidtoher,“Doyouenjoythemovieyousaw?”Mr.Wangsaid,“HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish?”Shesaidtome,“Whatdidyoueatyesterday?”