英语语音语调简明教程

语音语调知识介绍（一）元音音标（二）辅音/i://i/eat---itfeel---fillfeet---fitwheel---willsheep---shipsleep---slipCheap---chipseat---sit/כ://כ/doorshortfloorbeforebecausenothotdogsorryfogblogclock/u://u/roommoonnoonchoosetoolfoolschoolgoodtookcooklookbookput/ə://ə/birdfirstnursepurpleaboutaccuse/Λ//a:/butcutbuscuptouchfunclassgrasspastaskanswerarmsmartparkpartyhard/e//æ/bed---baddead---dadsaid---sadbeg---bagbet---batmen---manEnglishDiphthongs双元音Centringdiphthong开口Closingdiphthongs闭口EndinginəEndinginIendinginʊIəeəʊəeIaIɔIəʊaʊhereharetourtheycrytoyknownow/ei//i:/---/ei/sea—saygreat---greetgreen—grainreal---railsheep—shapewheel---whale/ai//æ//e/sad---sidecat---kitesmell---smilefell---filechildAchildiscryingbymyside./əu//au/gohomesocoatboatfloatknowsnowslowcrowdnowcowflowermouthloudReadthefollowingwords:ear–year–ill-eelhear–hill–hair–hell-hirefear–fill–feel–fail–fell–fair–fire–fileReadingaloud–PayspecialattentiontothepronunciationofEnglishDiphthongs.YourSenseofTasteTasteisoneofourfivesenses.Theothersarehearing,sight,touch,andsmell.Youhearwithyourears,youseewithyoureyes,andyoutastethingswithyourtongue../p/-/b//t/-/d//k/-/g/三组爆破音！！！putpubtakegoodcakebutbooktaptapedogkitecatshapepetbegbake/p/-/b//t/-/d//k/-/g/爆破音中的清辅音，在/s/后被浊化。即/s/+/p/→/b/springspyspacespeakspread/s/+/t/→/d/standstaystillstickstylestudent/s/+/k/→/g/skyskillskirtskypeescapeschool失去爆破和不完全爆破：（Rule1）爆破音+爆破音当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时，前面的爆破音不发生爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，只作发音的姿势，刚要发出时，立即发出第二个爆破音。这种现象叫做失去爆破.whattimegoodbyebedtimebigkite（Rule2）爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音（摩擦音：/f,v,θ,ð,s,z,ʃ,ʒ,r,h/）（破擦音：/ts,dz,tr,dr,tʃ,dʒ/）鼻辅音：/m,n,ŋ/（舌边音：/l/）当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音时，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，作好发音的姿势，刚发出时，立即过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆破音发出的声音是非常轻微的，有时甚至听不出来。这种现象叫做不完全爆破。picturebigjuggoodchildthatjokegoodmorningbignationPractice1.Stopdoingthat.2.Seeyouaboutfour,then.3.SometimesImakemistakesinspelling.4.Ican’tunderstandthisword.5.Idon’tthinkmyhusbandwouldletmedothat./f//v/咬唇音！！！fishfivefilmfingerfifteenveryvoicevisitvocationvivid/s//z/suneastwestSixsillyhasprizehisrose/θ//ð/咬舌音！！！threethankthinkthousandthatthereweatherfather/θ/和/s/的区别mouse—mouthsick---thickforce---forth/∫//З/sheshipsheepfishshyshineshrinkcashThisshopsellsfashionableshirts.Shesellsfreshfishfromtheocean.Readthefollowingtonguetwister:Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.TheshellsshesellsareseashellsI’msure.Ifshesellsseashellsontheseashore,Thenshesellsseashoreshells./∫//З/shapeshameshineshowshouldmeasurepleasureoccasionpersuasion/t∫//dЗ/chairchildchildrenchurchorangeagelargecollegejuice/t∫//dЗ/orangeagelargecollegejuicejeepjustjokejumpalargecollegeEveryJackhashisJill.Jack,justgivemealargejarofjam.JimandJohnenjoythejuiceverymuch./tr//dr/treetrytriptrouserstraincountrydrivedreamdrydresshundredstrong/ts//dz/catskitesstreetsputsfightsneedshandsfriendsbirdsthousandsIsawlotsandlotsofcatsandkites.Theguardskilledthousandsandthousandsofbirdsandcats./m//n//ŋ/mymemoneymostmouthsomeroomcombhimnewnightnamenownoonmoonkindfinewineEnglishsingsongthingfingerwing/l/---/n/light–nightline–nine–lionlike–Nikelabor--neighborlow–knowlead–need/n/--/ŋ/sin–sing–thingsun–son–songgiven–givingclean--cling/l/latelikelooksleeploudlunchletterlibraryelephantLilysmallgirllittlemiddleschoolpeoplebeautifulwonderfulB.连读(Linking)：在连贯的语流中，前一个词的尾辅音和后面紧跟的词的词首是元音时，就自然地拼在一起读，这称之为连读,如：alotof,oneofus,mostofus,allofus,lookatit,amapofChina,anexercise-book,halfanhourCanyouspeakEnglishorFrench?在以字母r（或re）结尾的词中，r（或re）一般是不发音的。但如果后面的词的词首是元音时,r（或re）就发/r/音，并与后面词的词首元音连读，如：apairofshoes,foralongtimeWhere(r)ishe?There(r)isabookonthedesk.连读是连贯的、较快的语流中一种自然产生的现象,不要故意为连读而连读。有时连句子本身都还读得不太流利却故意连读,反而影响了语流的流畅,甚至混淆了意思或让人家根本听不懂你说的是什么。例如：Tryitoverandoveragain.连读：音的同化(Assimilation)在连贯言语中的词,不是一个一个孤立地来读的,它们几乎总是互相结合着出现的。因此它们在语流中有可能受相互间的影响而产生种种语音变化,音的同化就是其中的一种。音的同化就是一个音因为受了另外一个相邻的音的影响而发成了这两个音之外的第三个音。a.[j]与[t]相邻时，[j]受了邻音[t]的影响变成了[∫]音,与[t]一起构成了[t∫],例如：Gladtomeetyou.中的[mi:tju]在连贯性的说话中可读成[mi:t∫u]。又如：Don’tyouknowher?中的[dәunt∫ju:]可以读成[dәunt∫ju:]。再如：Ithoughtyouwouldcome.可以读成[aiθɔ:t∫uwudkΛm.]b.[j]与[d]相邻时,[j]受了邻音[d]的影响变成了[ӡ],与[d]一起构成了[dӡ],例如：Didyoudoit?中的[didju:]可以读成[didӡu:]。又如：Wouldyouliketogowithme?可以读成[wudӡu:laiktәɡәuwiðmi:?]再如：Couldyouhelpme?可以读成[kudӡu:hel(p)mi:?]强读和弱读：英语中大约有50个最常用的单音节词，如a,of,the,and,from,as，must等，他们每个词都有两种或两种以上不同形式的读音，一种形式叫强读，其它的叫弱读。and/nd//ənd//n/E.g.Youandme/Ladiesandgentlemenof/ɔv/,/əv/,/v/,/f/E.g.acupofteaare/a:/,/ə/E.g.Thedaysareshorter.Weakforms:1.大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了/ə/。at/ət/as/əz/had/həd/and/ənd//ən/must/məst/us/əs/but/bət/can/kən/2.有少数几个单词弱读形式由/i:/变成了/i/。bebeenmeReadthefollowingexamples:inaminuteI’mcoming.inandoutHesatandate.breadandbutterasoldasyouShehasbeenout.HedoesbutIdon’t.Youcangonow.2.SentenceStressInanormalEnglishsentence,certainwordsarestressedandcertainwordsareunstressed.ContentWordsn.v.adj.adv.number,somepron.(this,that,what)FormWords(FunctionWord)article,auxil.v.,conjunction,prep√×句子重音SentenceStress句子重音的一般规则实词重读虚词不重读名词一般都重读Thereisa'bookonthe'desk.My'sister'putupa'pictureonthe'wall.'John'wantsto'seethe'teacherafter'class.An'elephantisan'animal.代词常重读的代词有1．指示代词'Thisis'notwhatI'mean.'That'isn’ttheoneI'ask