高英第二课Marrakech分析

Unit2MarrakechByGeorgeOrwellObjectivesofLessonTwoTofamiliarizestudentswiththebackgroundknowledgeofGeorgeOrwell,Morocco,Frenchcolonies,Marrakech;JewsTolearnexpositorywriting;Toanalyzethethemeandthewriter’sopinionofcolonialism.GeorgeOrwellGeorgeOrwell(penname)EricArthurBlair(1903–1950)Britishnovelistandessayist,borninIndia.Orwellwasfamousforhispoliticalsatires.Hewasanuncompromisingindividualistandpoliticalidealist.Orwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice,oppression,andthepoweroftotalitarianregimesOrwellisfamousforhisterselucidprosestyleandgoodattheappropriateuseofsimplebutforcefulwordstodescribeobjectivelythescenesbeforehiseyes.Hisworks:AnimalFarm(1945)DownandOutinParisandLondonBurmeseDaysComingupforAirAClergyman’sDaughterKeeptheAspidistraFlyingHiswell-knownessays:ShootinganelephantAHangingMarrakechPoliticsandtheEnglishLanguageOrwell’sRulesforwritersNeverusemetaphor,simile,orotherfigureofspeechwhichyouareusedtoseeinginprint.Neverusealongwordwhereashortonewilldo.Ifitispossibletocutawordout,alwayscutitout.Neverusethepassivevoicewhereyoucanusetheactive.Neveruseaforeignphrase,ascientificword,orajargonwordifyoucanthinkofaneverydayEnglishequivalent.Breakanyoftheserulessoonerthansayanythingoutrightbarbarous.MoroccoLocation:InNorthAfrica,ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean,MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Capital:RabatPopulation:about18,000.000Briefhistory:Morocoowasinhabitedinthestoneagebycavedwellers;about2000B.C.itwassettledbyBerbertribes,whohadformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince;TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury,bringingwithIslam;fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence.Butin1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones.Moroccogainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.mostofthepeopleofMoroccoareMuslims,IslamisthestatereligionandArabicistheofficiallanguage,butFrenchandSpanisharealsospoken.MarrakechinMoroccoLocation:InwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas.130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.ItistheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.ItwascapturedbytheFrenchin1912.ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco.Ⅱ.IntroductiontothePassage1.Typeofliterature:---apieceofexposition2.Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:---toinformorexplain3.Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:---comparison---contrast---analogy---identification---illustration---analysis,definition,etc.DetailedAnalysisoftheText1)Whichsentenceexpressesthethemeofthetext?(or:Whichisthethesisstatement?)Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact(para.3)2)Whatisthethemeofthetext?Theauthordenouncestheevilsofcolonialism.Hemercilesslyexposespoverty,miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies.Thesepeoplearenotconsiderednoraretheytreatedashumanbeings.Ⅲ.DetailedStudyoftheText▲organizationofthetext▲mainideaofeachpart▲questionstodiscuss▲Keywords,phrasesanddifficultsentencesOrganizationofthetext:Questionstodiscuss:1.Inordertoshowthepovertyofthecityandexposetheevilsofcolonialism,thewriterchoosessometypicalscenesandpictures.Whatarethey?2.Itseemsthatthisessayconsistsofseveralseparativepictures,thenwhatgivestheessaycoherence?EvilsofcolonialismScene1(1-3)Scene2(4-7)Scene6(22-26)Scene3(8-15)Scene5(19-21)Scene4(6-18)SixScenestoexposetheevilsofcolonialismScene1:Theburialofthepoorinhabitants(para1-3)Theidea:Lifeischeap.Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials.Scene2:Thebeggingofbreadofanemployee(para4-7)Theidea:Lifeispoor.Peoplecan’taffordproperfood.Scene3:LivingconditionoftheJews(para8-15)Theidea:Jewsliveingreatpovertyandunderprejudice.Scene4:Cultivationofsoil(para16-18)Theidea:Hardwayofmakingaliving.Scene5:Lifeofwomen(para19-21)Theidea:Miserablelifeofoldwomen,nobetterthanadonkeyScene6:thesoldiers(para22-26)Theidea:Thenegroes’attitudetowardsthewhitesWhydidthewriterchoosethesescenes?Whatdoyouthinktheyrepresent?Doyouthinkthesescenesareeffectivetoachievethewriter’spurpose?Scene1:Theburialofthepoorinhabitants(para1-3)Lifeischeap.Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials.WordsandExpressionswail:tocryoutinmourningorlamentation悲伤地哭号Thewindwailedthroughthetreeschant:asimpleliturgicalsonginwhichastringofsyllablesorwordsissungtoeachtonebier:aplatformorportableframeworkonwhichacoffinorcorpseisplacedhack:tobreakup(land)withahoe,mattock,etc.oblong:adj.longerthanbroad;elongatedhummocky:adj.fulloforlookinglikelow,roundedhills布满小丘的derelict:adj.desertedbytheowner;abandoned;forsakenpricklypear:anyofagenusofcactusplanshavingcylindricalorlarge,flat,ovalstemjointsandediblefruits仙人掌(属)Paragraphing&Interpreting…theflieslefttherestauranttableinacloudandrushedafterit,buttheycamebackinafewminuteslater.Thecloudoffliesflyingtothecorpseandthencomingbacktotherestaurantshowstheunsanitaryconditionsofthecity…thetaxisandthecamels…modernmeansoftransportation