Unit 2 The Constitutional Monarchy_英国的君主立宪制

Unit2TheConstitutionalMonarchyQueenElizabethII(1926-)ConstitutionalMonarchyLeadin:WhichBritishkingorQueenimpressyoumost?WhatkindoflifedoyouthinktheQueenisleading?ConstitutionalMonarchy君主立宪制constitutionalmonarchyisagovernmentalsysteminwhichtheheadofStateisakingoraqueenwhoreignsbutdoesnotrule.ThecountryisnamelyreignedbytheSovereign,butvirtuallybyHisorHerMajesty’sGovernment——abodyofMinisterswhoaretheleadingmembersofwhicheverpoliticalpartytheelectorate（选民，选区）hasvotedintooffice,andwhoareresponsibletoParliament.TheConstitutionalMonarchyinBritainbeganin1689,whenkingWilliamandQueenMaryjointlyacceptedtheBillofRights,whichguaranteedfreespeechwithinboththeHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonsandconstitutionalmonarchy,ofamonarchywithpowerlimitedbyParliamentbegan.KeepinMindCurrentConstitutionalMonarchyAndorra,AntiguaandBarbuda,Australia,TheBahamas,Barbados,Belgium,Belize,Bhutan,Bahrain,Cambodia,Canada,Denmark,Grenada,Jamaica,Japan,Jordan,Kuwait,Liechtenstein,Lesotho,Luxembourg,Malaysia,Monaco,Morocco,Netherlands,NewZealand,Norway,PapuaNewGuinea,SolomonIslands,Spain,SaintKittsandNevis,SaintLucia,SaintVincentandtheGrenadines,Sweden,Thailand,Tonga,TuvaluUnitedArabEmirates,andtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.WhatistheroleoftheMonarchy?PrimaryRole:tosymbolizethetradition&unityofthestateTheofficialtitleoftheQueen:“ElizabeththeSecond,bytheGraceofGodoftheUnitedkingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandandofHerOtherRealmsandTerritoriesQueen,HeadoftheCommonwealth,DefenderoftheFaith.”Otherroles:headoftheexecutive,partofthelegislature,headofjudiciary,commanderinchiefofthearmedforces,“supremegovernor”oftheChurchofEngland.However,shedoesthesethingsontheadviseofherMinisters!BasicStructureofUKCentralGovernmentMonarch(non-political)Legislature---ParliamentExecutiveJudiciary(non-political)HouseofCommons(political)HouseofLords(semi-political)PrimeMinister&Cabinet(political)Ministers&Civilservice(non-political)HouseofLordsCourtofAppeal7QueenElizabethIIThepresentSovereign,bornin1926,cametothethronein1952andwascrownedin1953.TheQueenisthesymbolofthewholenation,thecenterofmanynationalceremoniesandtheleaderofsociety.KeepinMindOfficialresidenceBuckinghamPalaceWindsorCastleCoronationserviceCeremonyPlace:WestminsterAbbeyCeremonyConductor:theArchbishopofCanterburyQueenElizabeth’scoronationonJune2,1953TheRoyalFamilyTreeCharlesPrinceofWalesAnnePrincessRoyalAndrewDukeofYorkEdwardEarlofWessexWilliamHarry19821984PeterPhillipsZaraPhillips19771981BeatriceEugenie19881990LouiseSevern20032007TextBTheRoleoftheMonarchyTodayThepublicimageofthemonarchyhaschanged.Thechildren’spoorbehavior:Threeofherfourchildrenandhersisterhavebrokenmarriages.TheQueendidnothavetopaytaxesandthetaxpayerswerepayingfortherunningcostsofthefamily.However,theQueenisindependentlywealthy.BuckinghamPalaceItistheQueen'sofficialandmainroyalLondonhome.ThePalacehasaround600rooms,including19Staterooms,52royalandguestbedrooms,78bathrooms,92offices,acinemaandaswimmingpool.Italsohasitsownpostofficeandpolicestation.16BuckinghamPalace,themonarch'sprincipalresidence17MonumentofQueenVictoriaWindsorCastleWindsorCastleisanofficialresidenceofTheQueenandthelargestoccupiedcastleintheworld.WilliamtheConquerorbuiltthecastlein1080andithasremainedaroyalpalaceandfortressforover900years.BalmoralCastleBalmoralCastleistheprivateresidenceofTheQueen.IthasremainedafavouriteresidenceforTheQueenandherfamilyduringthesummerholidayperiodinAugustandSeptember.TheCastleislocatedonthelargeBalmoralEstateinAberdeenshire,Scotland.TheRoyalfamily’sprivatecountryretreatinNorfolk.EveryChristmasisspentatSandringhamHouse.KensingtonPalacewastheLondonresidenceofthelatePrincessDiana.ThePalaceofHolyroodhouseinEdinburghisTheQueen'sofficialresidenceinScotland.CostofKeepingaQueenTheBritishRoyalFamilyisfinancedmainlybypublicmoney,buttherearealsoanumberofprivatesourcesofincome.TheofficialreportedannualcosttotheBritishpublicofkeepingtheRoyalFamilywas£41.5millionforthe2008-09financialyear.However,thisfigureisdisputedsinceitdoesnotincludethecostofsecurityprovidedbythepoliceandtheArmy,thelostrevenuesoftheDuchiesofCornwallandLancasterandotherexpenses.On1April2012,theoldCivilListandtheGrants-in-AidwerereplacedbythesingleSovereignGrant.TheBritishParliamentmeetsthecostoftheSovereign'sofficialexpenditurefrompublicfunds.Thisincludesthecostsoftheupkeepofthevariousroyalresidences,staffing,travelandstatevisits,publicengagements,andofficialentertainmentCostofKeepingaQueenThetotalcostofthemonarchytotheBritishtaxpayervariesdependingonwhichelementsareincludedinthecalculations.ReportsfiledbytheRoyalHouseholdstatethattotalannualexpenditure,asofMarch2012,was£32.1million.However,whenthecostsofsecurity,lostrevenueandpalacegroundsmaintenanceamongothers,areincluded,thentherealcost,accordingtotheanti-monarchypressuregroupRepublic,isbetween£134and£184millionperyear.TheQueenItwasaroyalscandalthatputElizabethIIonthethrone.In1947,PrincessElizabethmarriedPrincePhillipofGreece.InJune1953,ElizabethwascrownedQueenatLondon’sWestminsterAbbey.Duringherreig