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基数词与序数词初一语法Numberscardinalnumbers(基数词)ordinalnumbers(序数词)基数词(cardinalnumbers)的构成及用法:1.1~12的基数词是独立单词,无规律可循。eleventwelve2.13~19的基数词一般在3~9对应的基数词后加-teen构成,注意:thirteenfifteeneighteen3.20~90八个整十位数以后缀-ty结尾。注意:twenty(20)thirty(30)forty(40)eighty(80)4.“几十几“的基数词由十位数和个位数中间加连字符“-”构成:twenty-nineninety-seven1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen15—fifteen,18—eighteen。3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty30—thirty40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty。4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—onehundredandforty-eight406—fourhundredandsix。基数词基数词+10基数词×10复合词one(1)eleven(11)ten(10)two(2)twelve(12)twenty(20)twenty-two(22)three(3)thirteen(13)thirty(30)thirty-three(33)four(4)fourteen(14)forty(40)forty-four(44)five(5)fifteen(15)fifty(50)fifty-five(55)six(6)sixteen(16)sixty(60)sixty-six(66)seven(7)seventeen(17)seventy(70)seventy-seven(77)eight(8)eighteen(18)eighty(80)eighty-eight(88)nine(9)nineteen(19)ninety(90)ninety-nine(99)5.百位数和十位数之间,在英国英语要用“and”连接,在美国一般不用。threehundredandfivefourhundredandforty-five6.英语中“万”及以上的表示法:53,461fifty-threethousand,sixhundredandforty-one30,045,310thirtymillionandforty-fivethousand,threehundredandten3,333,333,333⑵100以上的大数词有:ahundred一百(100)athousand一千(1,000)tenthousand一万(10,000)ahundredthousand十万(100,000)amillion(=athousandthousand一百万1,000,000)tenmillion一千万(10,000,000)ahundredmillion一亿(100,000,000)abillion(=athousandmillion)十亿(1,000,000,000)7.hundred,thousand,million,billion前有确切数词时,遵循“两个无”原则,即无“s”,无“of”。threehundredpeopleninemillionbooks8.但hundred,thousand,million,billion前无确切数词时,则遵循“两个有”原则,即有“s”和“of”。manythousandsoftreesmillionsofbirdstensofthousandsofsoldiersthreehundredspeoplethreehundredofbooks有时,可以在大数词(单数形式)前加上several,afew等词,表示含糊数量,例如:severalhundredtimes好几百次,afewmillionyears几百万年。100以内的基数词有时也可用复数形式,表示一些特别的意义。例如:Theywenttothetheatreintwosandthrees.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。Thegirlisinherteens.这个女孩不到二十岁。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。Itwasinthe1960s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen.1.数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:Twomonthsisquitealongtime.Fourandtwoissix.What'stwoandthree?2.一个半小时(一年半,一个半月可类推)one/anhourandahalf=oneandahalfhours特殊用法9.基数词常与名词连用构成复合定语,中间要用连字符,而且只用名词的单数形式.an8oo-hundred-wordcompositionafive-weekholidaya20-meter-tallbuilding10.基数词可以表示年代、时刻、住所、房间、教室、电话号码等。in1980’s(1980s)innineteeneightiesPagethreeRoom403atseventhirtyin1991(innineteenninety-one)inone’sfifties(在某人50多岁的时候)有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early,mid或late使其含义更确切些。如:Theyoungmanisatmostinhisearlythirties.⑷“名词+基数词”结构具有“序列”的意义,例如:RoomFour四号房间,相当于theFourthRoom;LessonFive=theFifthLesson第5课。10.句型:主语+is+about(大约)/over=morethan(超过)/nearly(接近)+具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。如:长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.或者用基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。twometerslong或twometersinlength2米长threefeethigh或threefeetinheight3英尺高fourincheswide或fourinchesinwidth4英寸宽@@fiveminutes\'walkIt\'sanhour\'sridefrommyhometowntoouruniversity.It\'ssevendegreesbelowzero./above今天是零下七度。(摄氏)注意下列习惯表达方式:halfanhourhalfakilotwoandahalfkilos=twokilosandahalfoneortwodays=onedayortwoeightymeterslongonethousandmilesawayfivemetersdeep(wide/tall/high/long)fivemetersindepth/width/height/length序数词(ordinalnumbers)的构成及用法:1.基数词one,two,three的序数词分别为:first,second,third(1st2nd3rd)2.从第四到第十九的序数词在基数词后加“-th”.注意:fiftheighthninthtwelfth3.十位整数基数词的序数词需将词尾的“y”改为“i”,再加“eth”构成.twentytwentiethfortyfortiethninetyninetieth4.“几十几”的数及4位数以上基数词的序数词只将个位变成序数词即可.onehundredthonethousandthfourhundredandthirty-second1.基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去“t”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别:first,second,third,eight—eighthnine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twen-ty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth。2.其余情况均在基数词后加th。如:six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth,hundred—hundredth,thousand—thousandth等onefirst1sttwosecond2ndthreethird3rdfourfourth4thfivefifth5thsixsixth6thsevenseventh7theighteighth8thnineninth9thtententh10theleveneleventh11thtwelvetwelfth12ththirteenthirteenth13thfourteenfourteenth14thfifteenfifteenth15thsixteensixteenth16thseventeenseventeenth17theighteeneighteenth18thnineteennineteenth19thtwentytwentieth20thtwenty-onetwenty-first21sttwenty-sixtwentysixth24ththirtythirtieth30thfortyfortieth40thfiftyfiftieth50thsixtysixtieth60thseventyseventieth70theightyeightieth80thninetyninetieth90thninety-fiveninety-fifth99thonehundredonehundredth100th序数词在使用时,一般在其前面加定冠词the或物主代词等限定词。例如:thefirsttime第一次,mysecondson我的第二个儿子。有时,也可用不定冠词,例如:Athirdmanenteredtheroom.又有第三个人进入了房间。We’vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?5.日期的表达一般用序数词.3月8日March8(th)读作:Marchtheeighth6.用于最高级前表示“第二、第三…“thesecondmostusefulthethirdlargestcity7.second,third等与“a“连用,表示”又一,再一”.再一次asecondtime8.在…世纪:inthetwenty-firstcenturyinthenineteenthcentury数词的基本用法⑴基数词在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。例如:Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.据说13是一个不吉利的数目。(主语)Themodelshipisworthfourhundred.这台模型轮船值四百块钱。(介词宾语)Ineedthreeal
本文标题:基数词与序数词初一英语语法
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