一般现在时现在进行时和一般过去时过去进行时

Grammar12018.03.19目录1Presentsimple2Presentcontinuous3Pastsimple4PastcontinuousPresentSimple一般现在时句型结构例句肯定句v原/v+(e)sHeplaystennis.否定句do/doesnot+v原Shedoesn’tplaytennis.疑问句Do/Does…+v原？Doyouplaytennis?Weusethepresentsimple1)totalkaboutregularhabitsorrepeatedactions:Igetupreallyearlyandpractiseforanhourorsomostdays.IusetheInternetjustabouteveryday.Wordsthatdescribehowoftenorwhenareoftenused（e.g.always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,never,everyday,everyevening,generally,normally）.2)totalkaboutpermanentsituationsMyparentsownarestaurant.※Weusedthepresentperfect,notthepresentsimple,tosayhowlongsomethinghascontinued:IhaveworkedtheresinceIwas15.(notIworktheresinceIwas15.)3)totalkaboutfactsorgenerallyacceptedtruthsStudentsdon’tgenerallyhavemuchmoney.Ifyouheatwaterto100℃,itboils.4)togiveinstructionsanddirections:Yougodowntothetrafficlights,thenyouturnleft.Tostarttheprogramme,firstyouclickontheicononthedesktop.5)totellstoriesandtalkaboutfilms,booksandplays:Inthefilm,thetealadyfallsinlovewiththePrimeMinister.PresentContinuous现在进行时句型结构例句肯定句am/is/are+v-ingHe’slivinginThailand.否定句am/is/arenot+v-ingI’mnotlivinginThailand.疑问句Am/Is/Are…+v-ingAretheylivinginThailand?Weusethepresentcontinuous1)totalkabouttemporarysituations:I’mstudyingreallyhardformyexams.MycousinislivinginThailandatthemoment.(=hedoesn’tnormallylivethere)Wordslikeatthemoment,currently,now,thisweek/month/yearareoftenused.2)totalkaboutactionshappeningatthemomentofspeaking:I’mwaitingformyfriends.3)totalkabouttrendsorchangingsituations:TheInternetismakingiteasierforpeopletostayintouchwitheachother.Thepriceofpetrolisrisingdramatically.4)totalkaboutthingsthathappenmoreoftenthanexpected,oftentoshowenvyortocriticisewithwordslikealways,constantly,continually,forever.Mymum’salwayssayingIdon’thelpenough!(complaint)He’salwaysvisitingexcitingplaces!(envy)Activityverb＆Stateverbs动作动词和状态动词英语中的动词就其词汇意义来说可分为动作动词（Activityverb）和状态动词（Stateverb）。动作动词强调主语在做的动作，而状态动词强调主语所处的状态，状态动词通常不用于进行时。例如：Thegirlisputtingonaredcoat.那个女孩正在穿一件红色外套。（穿的动作正在发生，put为动作动词）。Wehaveasecond-handcar.我们有一辆二手车。（have为状态动词）。【动作动词的分类与用法】•1.表示持续动作的动词，如eat,listen,read,run等。例如：Sheislisteningtotheradio.她在听收音机。2.表示短暂动作的动词，如hit,jump等。这类动词一般用在现在时中，表示现时的一次性动作。表示短暂动作的动词通常不用于进行时态中，如果用于进行时的话，那就表示短暂动作的多次重复。例如：Shejumpedupintothechair.她跳起来坐到椅子上。Hewasjumpingupanddowntokeepwarm.他上下跳动来取暖。3.表示转变和移动的动词，如arrive,change,come,die,go,leave等。这类动词用于一般时和进行时中，往往在意义上略有不同。比如说Thetrainleavesatnine，这是一种现在的习惯性动作，表示火车每天都是9点开车。如果说Thetrainisleaving，则表示即将发生的事态，表示火车马上就要开了。【状态动词的分类与用法】•状态动词一般不用于进行时。状态动词可分为四类：1.动词be(是)和动词have(有)。例如：Theboyis150centimeterstall.这个男孩150厘米高。不可以说：Theboyisbeing150centimeterstall.Myhusbandhasseveralshirtsofdifferentcolors.我丈夫有好几件颜色不同的衬衫。而不可以说：Myhusbandishavingseveralshirtsofdifferentcolors.2.含有状态动词be和have的意义的动词，如：belongto,contain,differfrom,matter,own等。这类状态动词通常都不可以用于进行时。例如：Thatdictionarybelongstome.那本字典是属于我的。不能说：Thatdictionaryisbelongingtome．3.表示五官感觉的动词，如hear,see,feel,taste,smell等。例如：Theoldmandoesn’thearverywell．那位老人听觉不太好。不能说：Theoldmanisn’thearingverywell．Themeattastesdelicious.这肉味道真好。但不可以说：Themeatistastingdelicious.4.表示想法或心理的动词，如agree,assume,believe,consider,disagree,forget,hope,know,expect,imagine,regret,remember,suppose,think,understand等。这类动词通常也都不用于进行时。例如：HedoesnotbelieveinHoward’shonesty.他不相信霍华德为人真诚。不能说HeisnotbelievinginHoward’shonesty.5.表示情感状态的动词，如adore,despise,dislike,enjoy,feel,hate,like,love,mind,prefer,wantDoyoumindifIaskyouafewquestions?Ilovemusic.6.表示描述或说明类的动词，如：appear,contain,looklike,mean,resemble,seem,smell,sound,taste,weigh.Youlooklikeyourmother.(=apermanentsituation,notatemporaryone)Notice:Somestateverbscanbeusedinthecontinuousformwhenthemeaningistemporary.Compare:Whatareyouthinkingabout?(now)Ithinkyoushouldtellherexactlywhathappened.(myopinion,sonottemporary)I’mtastingthesaucetoseeifitneedsanymoresalt.Thesaucetastesdelicious.She’shavingagreattime.(ishaving=isexperiencing,notpossession)Studentsdon’tgenerallyhavemuchmoney.(have=possession)Fillinthegapswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.1.I’mbusyrightnow.I(fillin)anapplicationformforanewjob.2.Mytutor(see)meforatutorialeveryMondayattwoo’clock.3.John(not/study)veryhardatthemoment.I(not/think)he’llpasshisexams.4.‘What(he/do)?’‘He(try)tofixthetelevisionaerial.’5.Animals(breathein)oxygenand()carbondioxide.6.Bequiet!I(want)tohearthenews.7.Inmycountrywe(drive)ontheright-handsideoftheroad.8.MyfriendJoe’sparents(travel)roundtheworldthissummer,andprobablywon’tbelackforacoupleofmonths.9.Thecollege(run)thesamecourseeveryyear.10.Thenumberofwildbutterflies(fall)asaresultofchangesinfarmingmethods.’mfillinginseesisn’tstudyingdon’tthink’shedoing’stryingbreatheingiveoutwantdrivearetravellingrunsisfallingFillinthegapswiththeverbsintheboxinthecorrectpresenttense.agreecatchupcausehavegoupknowthinkuseWe1energyforthreemainthings:electricityproduction,heatingandtransport.Forthefirsttwo,we2optionssuchassolarandwindpower,andnaturalgas.Butoilisstilltheworld’snumberonesourceofenergy,andfortransportatleast,thereiscurrentlynoalternative.InChina,domesticenergyconsumption3yearbyyearanddemandinsimi