中华蜜蜂在我国的研究进展-1

中华蜜蜂在我国的研究进展ResearchprogressofApisceranaceranaFabriciusinChina学院：农学院专业：植物检疫姓名：朱营辉学号：130216505论文提交日期：二Ο一七年四月摘要中华蜜蜂ApisceranaceranaFabricius是一种重要的经济动物，具有嗅觉敏锐，抗寒耐热，抗螨及采集能力强等特点。目前人们采用分子生物学的方法，对中华蜜蜂的基因组成、基因表达调控及基因功能分析等方面开展研究，揭示其特征行为的分子机理已成为该领域的研究热点之一。中华蜜蜂在自然选择条件下，与植物在生存和繁殖方面形成了共生特征，随着西方蜜蜂Apismellifera的引进，打破了原有的生态平衡，使中华蜜蜂在许多地方已经成为濒危的物种，建立中华蜜蜂自然保护区已刻不容缓。近年来，中华蜜蜂在一些方面取得了重大进展。本文将从中华蜜蜂的种群结构、种群数量变动及分布、种群竞争以及化学通讯相关蛋白基因和抗逆相关基因)在基因克隆、表达特性及功能研究等方面来综述中华蜜蜂的研究进展。关键词：中华蜜蜂；种群结构；基因克隆；种群竞争；化学感受蛋白类基因AbstractApisceranaceranaFabriciusisakindofimportanteconomicanimal,whichhasthecharacteristicsofkeensenseofsmell,coldandheatresistance,antimiteandcollectingability.Atpresent,peopleusedthemethodofmolecularbiology,theApisceranaceranaFabriciusgenes,geneexpressionandregulationofgenefunctionanalysis,molecularmechanismtorevealthecharacteristicsofbehaviorhasbecomeoneoftheresearchhotspotinthefield.ApisceranaceranaFabriciusinnaturalselectionconditions,andplantformsintermsofsurvivalandreproductionofsymbioticcharacteristics,withtheintroductionofApismelliferaLinnaeus,broketheoriginalecologicalbalance,sothattheApisceranaceranaFabriciusinmanyplaceshasbecomeanendangeredspecies,theestablishmentofApisceranaceranaFabriciusNatureReservehasbeenurgent.Inrecentyears,ApisceranaceranaFabriciushasmadesignificantprogressinsomeareas.ThisarticlefromtheApisceranaceranaFabriciusofthepopulationstructure,changesinquantityanddistribution,populationcompetitionandchemicalcommunicationrelatedproteingeneandresistancerelatedgenes)advancesingenecloning,expressioncharacteristicsandfunctionsofotheraspectstoreviewthebees.Keywords:Apisceranacerana;populationstructure;genecloning;populationcompetition;chemosensoryproteins目录1引言.....................................................................................................................................................11.1人类对中蜂的认识....................................................................................................................11.2现代中蜂分布及研究进展.......................................................................................................11.3研究目的及意义.........................................................................................................................22中华蜜蜂的基本情况...........................................................................................................................33中华蜜蜂的种群结构特征...................................................................................................................33.2年龄组配....................................................................................................................................44中华蜜蜂的种群数量变动及分布......................................................................................................54.1中华蜜蜂数量的季节消长.......................................................................................................54.2中华蜜蜂群体数量的变化.......................................................................................................54.3中华蜜蜂群体分布....................................................................................................................65中华蜜蜂种群竞争...............................................................................................................................65.1中华蜜蜂的种内竞争................................................................................................................65.2中华蜜蜂种间竞争....................................................................................................................65.3天敌危害....................................................................................................................................76化学通讯相关蛋白基因........................................................................................................................86.1化学感受蛋白类基因................................................................................................................86.2气味结合蛋白类基因................................................................................................................97抗逆相关基因........................................................................................................................................97.1抗氧化相关基因......................................................................................................................108展望......................................................................................................................................................11参考文献.................................................................................................................................................12中华蜜蜂在我国的研究进展11引言1.1人类对中蜂的认识自古以来，中国大陆东方蜜蜂资源丰富。从南到北，从西到东，纵横跨越20多个省、市、自治区。其分布在不同的地理、气候，蜜源环境中，形成了高原、盆地、抗寒、耐热、体大、体小，体黄、体黑等多种类型。古代称其为骄虫、蜇虫、蜜蜂等；引进西蜂以后称其为中国蜂、中华蜜蜂、山蜂等。1944年马俊超先生把分布在东北和东部沿海及南方各省的东方蜜蜂定为一个亚种，称为中华蜜蜂，但人们仍习惯地将分布在中国的东方蜜蜂统称为中华蜜蜂或中国蜜蜂，简称中华蜜蜂。中华蜜蜂在我国分布的历史悠久，其起源虽然尚无定论。但可知它被人类采捕蜂蜜所利用的历史已有上万年，人工饲养的历史也能追溯到2000年以前。因此，中华蜜蜂象征着中国蜂业的起源，没有中华蜜蜂就没有中国古老的蜂业历史。自20世纪以来，西方蜜蜂引进我国并大量饲养，逐渐取代了中华蜜蜂数千年当家品种的地位。从此西蜂与中华蜜蜂展开了激烈的种间竞争，中华蜜蜂群