括号法解决长难句

括号法解决长难句例句1：我是Lilian。IamLilian.（主系表）例句2：我教英语。IteachEnglish.（主谓宾）例句3：我是来自重庆的Lilian。IamLilianfromChongqing.例句4：我在希来学园教英语。IteachEnglishatXilai.例句5：AfterchattingwithLauraonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyoffice.(Afterchatting)(withLaura)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00)(to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyoffice).(1)句子主干部分：英语中的五大基本句型主语+谓语Icome.主语+谓语+宾语IlearnEnglish.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语YouteachusEnglish.主语+谓语+宾语+补语Youmakemehappy.主语+系动词+表语Englishisinteresting.(2)句子修饰成分：“三长两短”“两短”：形容词、副词“三长”：介词短语、从句、非谓语(3)一并列——平行并列结构由“并列词”and/or/but/aswellas/notonly...,butalso.../both...and.../either...or.../neither...nor...等,将两个或两个以上“含义相似，结构相同”的“并列项”连接起来构成的结构。简记为“AandB”或“A,BandC”。英语中主要的只有五种修饰成分，称为“三长两短”。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素，再加上同样会使句子变复杂的“平行并列结构”，统称为“三长两短一并列”一、什么是“三长两短一并列”？二、用括号法解决长难句Step1.预处理给“三长”加括号，给“并列词”（and,or,but,aswellas等）加方框，给“并列项”（A和B）加下划线(1)标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。(Afterchatting)(withLaura)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyoffice).(2)标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。①到句尾终止，如：Lilianisateacher(whoteachesEnglish).②到句中的逗号终止，如：(WhenIwasyoung),Ilistenedtotheradio.③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：IwillinviteYaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)toBeijing.(toBeijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)④到下一个谓语动词终止，如YaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)isstudyinginShanghai.(3)标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。①到句尾终止，如：Lilianisateacher(teachingEnglish).②到句中的逗号终止，如：(ToimprovemyEnglish),IoftenlistentotheEnglishradio.③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jackwalkedintothehall,(waving)totheaudience.(totheaudience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)④到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We,(singingahappysong),rodetoschool.(4)标记平行并列结构原则上，只要是“含义相似，结构相同”的东西都能并列，所以英语句子中可以并列的东西有很多，读句子的时候要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。如：①名词并列：Iliketheboxplacedonthedeskandtheflowersinyourhand.②形容词并列：Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.③副词并列：Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.④谓语动词并列：WiththeInternet,wecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.⑤介词短语并列：Andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.⑥从句并列：I’vefinishedreadingthebook(whichiswrittenbyMoYan)and(whichyoulentmelastmonth).⑦非谓语动词并列：Singingandlaughing,weheadedtothepark.⑧整句并列：Thechildrencangowithusortheycanstayathome.Step2.做直译一个括号一个括号地翻译HuangJieisateacher(teachingEnglish)(inHaikou)(whichisabeautifulcity)(ofChina).黄洁是一个老师——教英语——在海口——它是一个美丽的城市——中国的Step3.调语序后修变前修，增删个别词HuangJieisateacher(teachingEnglish)(inHaikou)(whichisabeautifulcity)(ofChina).黄洁是一个老师——教英语——在海口——它是一个美丽的城市——中国的黄洁是一个在中国的美丽城市海口教英语的老师。黄洁是一个老师，她在中国的美丽城市海口教英语。注1：先找B，后找AA和B结构相同，含义相似Ilikethebox(onthedesk)andtheflowers(inyourhand)(whichyoupromised)(togiveme).注2：一旦出现下一修饰成分，果断结束掉上一修饰成分，不管上一成分本身结束了没。HuangJieisateacher(teachingEnglish)(inHaikou)(whichisabeautifulcity)(ofChina).三、例题精讲注3；英语是“挂钩”的语言，每个括号里的第一个单词都称为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩单词提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来。括号里的第一个单词都成为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来题，将一个个括号连接起来例1：(2015陕西卷)Parents(whohelptheirchildren)(withhomework)mayactuallybe(bringingdowntheirschoolgrades).Otherforms(ofparentalinvolvement),(includingvolunteering)(atschool)and(observingachild’sclass),alsofail(tohelp),(according)(tothemostrecentstudy)(onthetopic).例2：(2015广东卷)Onetraditionalbelief(abouttelevision)is(thatitreducesachild’sability)(tothink)and(tounderstandtheworld).例3：(2012北京卷)Theywillbeable(toclearawaythemystery)(ofmathematics)andfacetheirstudies(withmoreconfidence)(thantheyeverimagined).例:4：(2012新课标卷）上文：小时候“过度学习”的东西不会忘Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexception(tothegeneralrule)(thatweforget)(ratherquicklythethings)(thatwelearninschool),(becausetheyareanother)(ofthethings)(weoverlearn)(inchildhood).例5：(2013陕西)TheDepartment(ofAgriculture)hasprograms(aimed)(atdevelopingmorefarmers)and(atincreasinginterest)(inlocallygrownfood).给下列长句的“三长”加括号，并列词加方框，并用横线标注并列项1.(2015广东卷)WhenIwasanineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn’tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’tcatchanything.2.(2015四川卷)Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.3.(2014新课标1)Ifyou’reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.4.(2014新课标1)Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreachitshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.5.(13山东卷)Hello.It’soneofthefirstwordswelearnedasbabiesyetit’soneofthelastwordswethinktouseasadults.That’sunfortunate,becausesayinghelloismorethanjustsayinghello;it’srecognitionofanotherperson’sworth.四、随堂练习6.(14江苏卷)TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.7.(14山东卷)Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgettotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo.8.(13新课标卷)Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.