高中英语-人教版-必修三-第四单元-基础知识点-(笔记版)

Unit4system系统，体系solarsystem太阳系governmentsystems政府体系interestvt.使…感兴趣常用：Sth.interestSb.interestedadj.感兴趣的interestingadj.令人感兴趣的eg:Whathesaidinterestedallofus.Weareinterestedintheinterestingstory.1.根据一个普遍接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸把物质射向四面八方。（背过）awidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversestartedwith….throwmatterinalldirections.世界上独一无二的东西，前面加定冠词the,例如：thesun,themoon,theearth,theuniversity,theworld.但是名词前若有adj修饰，一般用不定冠词a/an。例如：Thereisabigmooninthesky.Start/beginwith以…开始；tostart/beginwith首先=firstofallwideadj.&adv.Wide做副词表示具体的宽Helayhere,withhiseyeswideopen./wideawake.widelyadv.修饰抽象的广泛的Thebookiswidelyread.Direction表示方向常和in,from搭配。从某个方向用from,朝某方向用in.inalldirections四面八方intheoppositedirection朝相反的方向例如：Thewomanwenttothedirectionfromwhichshecame.这个女士走向她来的方向。todo一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语，见课本第一段最后。Onlytodo结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。例如：Shewenttothesupermarket,onlytofind/onlytobetoldthatallthesalthadbeensoldout.2.betodo用法，自己列出。settle定居；解决；停留，落下；使某人坐在某个位置；精神的镇静例如：WefinallysettledinJinan.定居Thequestionishardtosettle/solve.解决Thebirdsettledonthebranch.停留在树枝上Myfathersettledhimselfinthesofaafterwork.坐在沙发上Themedicinecanhelptosettleyournerves.镇静神经3.lastVI持续维持其后的介词for经常省略。Themeetinglasted(for)threehours.4.intime①及时intimetodo/intimefor②最终，迟早。相当于soonerorlater,eventually例如：Wewerejustintimefortheflight.=Wewerejustintimetocatchtheplane.Don’tworry.Iamsurethingswillgetbetterintime.辨析：intime/ontime/atatime(一次，每次)/atonetime(曾经，一度)/attimes=sometimes(有时候)5.atmosphere①大气层，经常与定冠词联用theatmosphere②气氛，氛围例如：Anatmosphereoftension(紧张)filledJapanaftertheearthquake.Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.6.Astheearthcooleddown,…..as在本句中为连词，翻译为：随着。可以和with复合结构互换。例如：Astimegoesby,weareolderandolder.=Withtimegoingby,…11.unlikeprep.不像Unlikehisbrother,heisdiligent.不像弟弟，他很勤奋。Itisunlikehimtobelate.迟到可不像他的风格。Idislikeeatingfish.Ilikeeatingmeat.我不喜欢吃鱼，我喜欢吃肉。Whatistheweatherlike?天气怎么样？Heislikelytocome.=itislikelythathewillcome.他很可能回来。12.befundamentalto对…至关重要，基础fundamentaldifferences根本的不同13.makeitpossibleforlifetodevelop为make+宾语+宾补的结构在此it形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。宾补可以有多种成分充当，但不能加ing形式。例如：Wemadehimpresident.我们选他做总统。Weshouldtryourbesttomaketheroomclean.Ispokealoudtomakemyselfheard.让我自己被听见。Themothermadetheboydohisworkallday.被动Theboywasmadetodohisworkallday.14.multiply繁殖，增加，乘例如：Cellsmultiplybymeansofcelldivision.Theansweris30ifyoumultiply6and5.Youreffortwillmultiplyyourchanceofsuccess.15.callAB叫...A是BTheboycalledJimisakindboy.IlivedinwhatyoucalledGreece.16.forthefirsttime第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。Thefirsttime为连词，连接句子Itis/wasthefirsttimethatsb.have/haddonesth.例如：Today,IclimbedontheQianfoMountforthefirsttime.IfellinlovewiththecarthefirsttimeIsawit.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.layeggs下蛋lie–lied---lied撒谎lie—lay—lain躺，位于lay—laid—laid放置，下蛋Helaidthebooksontheshelf.他把书放在书架上了。Thehenlaysaneggaday.这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。Heliedtohismother.他对母亲撒谎了。18.exist不及物动词，不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态。名词：existence/comeintoexistence=comeintobeing形成，产生例如：Thereexistwarm-heartedpeopleeverywhere.Wecan’texistwithoutwater.Nooneknowswhentheearthcameintoexistence.19.remainvi&link-v保持，维持，仍然，剩余theremainingmoney剩下的蛋糕Iamsorry.Myworkremainsunfinished.Aftermanyyears,heremainssingle./heremainsateacher.Theproblemremainstobesolved.Itremainstobeseewhetherwecanfinishitintime.20.spread伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolquickly.Themotherspreadaclothonthetable.Thefirespreadquickly,butallthepeoplewereabletoescape.21.thusadv相当于therefore因此Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thusallowingmorestudentstogetahighereducation.Heforgottoturnontheradioandthusmissedthenews.HeknockedoutTom,thusbecomingthechampion.22.inone’sturn轮到…./byturns轮流/inturn①依次，轮流②反之，从而/inreturn(for)作为回报例如：Today,Iaminmyturnondutytocleantheroom.Thetwobrotherslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.Igavehimsomemoneyinreturnforhishelp.=Hehelpedme.Inreturn,Igavehimsomemoney.高考再现：AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,which________willpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.A.innatureB.inreturnC.inturnD.infact23.prevent/keep/stop…from….阻止。注意keep后的from不能省，省掉意思就是使…一直干….Shelter/protect…from…保护…免受….Theheavysnowpreventedallofus(from)arrivingatschoolontime.Thesunglassescanshelterusfromthesunlight.24.dependon依靠，依赖；取决于Whenweareold,wehavetodependonourchildrentoearnmoney.Whetheryouwillstayornotdependsonyou.It/thatdepends.看情况吧。高考再现：----Howoftendoyoueatout?----_________,butusuallyonceaweek.A.Ihavenoidea.B.itdepends.C.asusualD.Generallyspeaking25.theyeartocome=thecomingyear在将要到来的一年。Tocome做后置定语】26.blockout挡住（光线和声音等）；忘记，抹掉Thetallbuildingblockedoutthesunlight.Shewantedtoblockouttheunhappyexperience.27.visitn&vvisitsp.Payavisittosp.Wearegoingtopayavisitto/visittheUSAintheholiday.28.explainsth.tosb.=explaintosb.sth.--explanation(n)Youhadbetterexplaintoyourmotherthething.29.lessenThepainislesseningaftertakingthemedicine.Thegovernmenttakesmeasurestolessentheimpactoftheearthquake.30.get/beclose(adj.)to靠近closeadv.具体的近stand/sitclose(adv.)toclosely抽象的仔细地，严谨地密切地Thechildexaminedtheanimalclosely.31.as…as结构中，若中间为第三人称单数名词需要这样：as+adj.+a/an+n+asHeisaskindaboyasyou.=Heisaboyaskindasyou.31.倍数表达法：A+动词+倍数+as…as……A+动词+倍数+morethan….A+动词+倍数+the+n+of例如：Thehallisthreetimes