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DesignofNonplanarMicrostripAntennasandTransmissionLinesDesignofNonplanarMicrostripAntennasandTransmissionLinesKin-LuWongCopyright1999JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.PrintISBN0-471-18244-3OnlineISBN0-471-20066-2DesignofNonplanarMicrostripAntennasandTransmissionlinesKIN-LUWONGNationalSunYat-SenUniversityAWILEY-INTERSCIENCEPUBLICATIONJOHNWILEY&SONS,INC.NEWYORK/CHICHESTER/WEINHEIM/BRISBANE/SINGAPORE/TORONTOCopyright1999byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includinguploading,downloading,printing,decompiling,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSections107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,605ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10158-0012,[phone],fax[phone],E-Mail:[e-mail]dtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalpersonshouldbesought.ISBN0-471-20066-2.ThistitleisalsoavailableinprintasISBN0-471-18244-3FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat—(Wileyseriesinmicrowaveandopticalengineering)“AWiley-Intersciencepublication.”Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-471-18244-3(cloth:alk.paper)1.Striptransmissionlines–Designandconstruction.2.Microstripantennas–Designandconstruction.I.Title.II.Series.TK7876.W651999621.3810331—dc2198-35003PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.10987654321ContentsPREFACE1IntroductionandOverview11.1Introduction1.2CylindricalMicrostripAntennas1.2.1Full-WaveAnalysis1.2.2Cavity-ModelAnalysis1.2.3GeneralizedTransmission-LineModelTheory1.3SphericalMicrostripAntennas1.4ConicalMicrostripAntennas1SConformalMicrostripArrays1.6ConformalMicrostripTransmissionLinesReferences2ResonanceProblemofCylindricalMicrostripPatches2.1Introduction2.2CylindricalRectangularMicrostripPatchwithaSuperstrate2.2.1TheoreticalFormulation2.2.2Galerkin’sMoment-MethodFormulation2.2.3ComplexResonantFrequencyResults2.3CylindricalRectangularMicrostripPatchwithaSpacedSuperstrate2.3.1TheoreticalFormulation2.3.2ResonanceandRadiationCharacteristics2.4CylindricalRectangularMicrostripPatchwithanAirGap2.4.1ComplexResonantFrequencyResultsix125678101112141616171724263030323536viCONTENTS2.5CylindricalRectangularMicrostripPatchwithaCouplingSlot2.5.1TheoreticalFormulation2.5.2ResonanceCharacteristics2.6CylindricalTriangularMicrostripPatch2.6.1TheoreticalFormulation2.6.2ComplexResonantFrequencyResults2.7CylindricalWraparoundMicrostripPatch2.7.1TheoreticalFormulation2.7.2ComplexResonantFrequencyResultsReferences3ResonanceProblemofSphericalMicrostripPatches3.1Introduction3.2SphericalCircularMicrostripPatchonaUniaxialSubstrate3.2.1FundamentalWaveEquationsinaUniaxialMedium3.2.2SphericalWaveFunctionsinaUniaxialMedium3.2.3Full-WaveFormulationforaSphericalCircularMicrostripStructure3.2.4Galerkin’sMoment-MethodFormulation3.2.5BasisFunctionsforExcitedPatchSurfaceCurrent3.2.6ResonanceCharacteristics3.2.7RadiationCharacteristics3.2.8ScatteringCharacteristics3.3SphericalAnnular-RingMicrostripPatch3.3.1TheoreticalFormulation3.3.2ComplexResonantFrequencyResults3.4SphericalMicrostripPatchwithaSuperstrate3.4.1CircularMicrostripPatch3.4.2Annular-RingMicrostripPatch3.5SphericalMicrostripPatchwithanAirGap3.5.1CircularMicrostripPatch3.5.2Annular-RingMicrostripPatchReferences4CharacteristicsofCylindricalMicrostripAntennas4.1Introduction1034.2Probe-FedCase:Full-WaveSolution1034.2.1RectangularPatch1084.2.2TriangularPatch112373943444448505154545656565759646869707375777883838389949496101103CONTENTSvii4.34.44.54.64.74.84.9Probe-FedCase:Cavity-ModelSolution4.3.1RectangularPatch4.3.2TriangularPatch4.3.3CircularPatch4.3.4Annular-RingPatchProbe-FedCase:GeneralizedTransmission-LineModelSolution4.4.1RectangularPatch4.4.2CircularPatch4.4.3Annular-RingPatchSlot-CoupledCase:Full-WaveSolution4.5.1PrintedSlotasaRadiator4.5.2RectangularPatchwithaCouplingSlotSlot-CoupledCase:Cavity-ModelSolution4.6.1RectangularPatch4.6.2CircularPatchSlot-CoupledCase:GTLMSolution4.7.1RectangularPatch4.7.2CircularPatchMicrostrip-Line-FedCaseCylindricalWraparoundPatchAntenna4.10CircularPolarizationCharacteristics4.11Cross-PolarizationCharacteristics4.11.1RectangularPatch4.11.2TriangularPatchReferences5CharacteristicsofSphericalandConicalMicrostripAntennas2055.1Introduction2055.2SphericalMicrostripAntennas2055.2.1Full-WaveSolution2065.2.2Cavity-ModelSolution2195.2.3GTLMSolution2305.3ConicalMicrostripAntennas234References2396CouplingbetweenConformalMicrostripAntennas6.1Introduction6.2MutualCouplingofCylindricalMicrostripAntennas6.2.1Full-Wav