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山东农业大学硕士学位论文海兰鸡沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性监测分析姓名:郭云申请学位级别:硕士专业:兽医指导教师:崔言顺2010-12-11山东农业大学硕士专业学位论文 III 海兰鸡沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性监测分析摘要沙门氏菌病是一种常见的人畜共患传染病,它不但会对畜牧业生产造成严重的经济损失,而且会严重威胁人类的健康。抗菌素的应用,对预防和控制人类及畜禽的沙门氏菌病发挥了巨大的作用,然而随着抗菌药物的广泛、持续和不当使用,沙门氏菌对抗菌药物的耐药性日趋普遍。本研究对 2008 年 5 月至 2010 年 3 月期间在山东省泰安市及其周边地区采集的 246 份疑似发病鸡的病料(其中 215 份为 1~21 日龄的雏鸡,31 份为 15 周龄以上的成年鸡)进行了分离鉴定,经生化试验和血清学试验共鉴定出肠炎沙门氏菌(S.enteritidis)44株、纽波特沙门氏菌(S.newport)3株、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium)2 株和鸡白痢沙门氏菌(S.pullorum) 197 株。利用药敏试验对 246 株分离株进行了 12 种常用抗生素和 6 种喹诺酮类药物的耐药性检测分析。结果表明,所有分离菌株对阿米卡星和头孢曲松敏感;167株对链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、氨苄青霉素、四环素、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟、头孢噻吩、头孢拉定表现出不同程度的耐药性,其中对链霉素的耐药率最高,为46.5%,其次为四环素(29.7%),其余79株为敏感菌株。246株分离菌株中,有 52株对萘啶酸、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、洛美沙星、左氟沙星表现出轻度的耐性,其余菌株为敏感菌株。耐药性的出现并有增强的趋势,可能与沙门氏菌本身的基因突变有关,也可能与抗生素的滥用有关。将 7 株分离株进行了致病性动物回归试验,结果表明7株菌株的致病性(98%)致死率(74%)均很高。鸡沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性监测分析 IV 由此可见,山东省的沙门氏菌的致病性很强,而普通的抗生素却呈现出了不同程度的耐药性,此次药敏试验的结果对今后兽医临床上用药具有极强的指导意义。关键词:禽源沙门氏菌;抗菌药物;耐药性监测山东农业大学硕士专业学位论文 V Isolation and identification of chicken Salmonella and Surveillance of drug resistance Abstract Salmonellosis is a common zoonotic disease. It could not only cause serious economic losses in animal production, but also a serious threat to human health. Application of antibiotics has played a huge role in the controlling and prevention of salmonellosis in humans and livestock, but with a wide range continuous and inappropriate use of antibiotics, Salmonella resistance to antimicrobial agents has become increasingly common. 246 suspected disease of chicken feed (which is 215 21dayold chicks, 31 were for the 15 weeks above the age of adult chickens) were isolated and identified from May 2008 to March 2010 in Tai'an City Shandong Province. In this study, by biochemical tests and serological tests, they were identified as Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritidis) 48 strains of Salmonella Newport (S.newport) 5 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (S.typhimurium) 40 and Salmonella pullorum (S.pullorum) 153 strains. the 7 monitoring and of Salmonella were analysed by Susceptibility testing from poultry antibiotic sensitivity 42, 12 of 246 isolates and 6 of antibiotics commonly used quinolone resistance monitoring and analysis. The results showed that all isolates were sensitive to amikacin and the cephalosporin Qusum; 167 pairs showed different degrees of resistance of streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, cephalosporin Cefotaxime, Cephalothin, cephradine, in which the highest rate of drug is streptomycin, 46.5%, followed by tetracycline (29.7%), and the remaining 79 as sensitive strains. 246 isolates, there are 52 pairs showed mild patience of nalidixic acid,鸡沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性监测分析 VI ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, and the remaining strains were sensitive strains. The trend that the emergence of drug resistance have enhanced, which may be related to Salmonella gene mutation itself or be concerned with the misuse of antibiotics. The 7 isolates doing Susceptibility testing were done pathogenic animal regression test. Results showed that mortality rate (74%) of 7 strains of pathogenic strains (98%) were high. Thus, Salmonella is highly pathogenic around Shandong Province, and preached common antibiotic resistance in different degrees, which susceptibility testing results will guide future clinical veterinary medicine extremely instructive. Key words: Avian Salmonella;antibiotics;drug resistance surveillance英文缩略词表英文缩写英文全称中文全称 CFU ColonyForming Units 菌落形成单位 DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 PCR Polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应 ND Newcastle Disease 新城疫 PBS Phosphate buffered saline 磷酸缓冲液 IB Infection Bronchitis 传染性支气管炎 MD Marek’s disease 鸡马立克病 CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 美国国家疾病防控中心 LB Luriabertani medium LB培养基 FDA Food and Drug Administration 食品药物管理局 NPIP National Poultry Improvement Plan 全国家禽改良计划 MPS Monolithic Power Systems 单核巨噬细胞系统 d Day 天 ml milliliter 毫升 ELISA EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay 酶联免疫反应 H.E. Hematoxylineosin staining H.E.染色法 DIA Dot Immunobinding Assay 斑点免疫实验 pH hydrogenion concentration 氢离子浓度 CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 美国临床实验室标准化研究所山东农业大学硕士专业学位论文 1 引言沙门氏菌感染可引起禽类各种各样的急性和慢性疾病。感染禽也是经食物链传染给人的一个重要宿主。由于人们对食物安全的重视,家禽生产业主面临着来自各方面的压力。从家禽及家禽产品中分离到沙门氏菌比从其他动物中分离到该菌的报道要多得多,其原因不仅是因为禽类沙门氏菌感染比较流行,同时也因为鸡和火鸡的商业化饲养规模扩大,许多国家对被感染禽和禽产品积极实施有效的检测计划。沙门氏菌属(属于肠杆菌科)包括 2400 多个不同的血清型。最新的细菌分类方法,将所有的沙门氏菌归为5个生化亚属 [2] 或只分为2个基因种 [1] ,不同的血清型的鉴定具有流行病学意义。因此,沙门氏菌分离株仍然主要根据传统的血清型命名法而定名。鸡感染沙门氏菌感染可分为2种类型,一种类型是鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌对家禽的感染,这两种菌无运动性,而且对家禽具有宿主特异性。鸡白痢沙门氏菌可引起雏鸡和雏火鸡的白痢,这是一种急性全身性疾病。禽伤寒是由鸡伤寒沙门氏菌引起的一种急性或慢性败血病,主要危害成年鸡。这两种疾病曾给养禽业造成严重的经济损失,现在已颁布了对这些疾病进行大规模检疫和净化的程序。另一种类型是由多种具有运动性的沙门氏菌血清型引起的感染,这些细菌被总体称为副伤寒沙门氏菌,在野生和家养动物中广泛存在,主要引起人类食品源性疾病。虽然家禽副伤寒感染非常普遍,但家禽很少发生急性全身性疾病(在应激条件下的高度易感雏除外)。鸡和火鸡的副伤寒感染的特征是细菌在肠道无症状性定植,有时持续至屠宰,导致加工的胴体污染。有些血清型,特别是肠炎沙门氏菌苗可以在洁净完好的鸡蛋中存在。食品加工不当时,可因沙门氏菌的繁殖而引起人发生严重的胃肠道疾病。为了有效的减少家禽和家禽产品沙门氏菌感染,应采取以下综合性措施:消灭生物媒介(害虫)、彻底清扫和消毒禽舍、采取合格的生物安全鸡沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性监测分析 2 和预防措施降低家禽对感染的敏感性等。鸡白痢和禽伤寒在历史、临床症状、流行病学、病理变化、控制及消灭措
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