直接引语变间接引语的转换

直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：HesaidtoKate.“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.（二）时态的变化①如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。Hesays,“Ihavebeenwritinganovel.”-------Hesaysthathehasbeenwritinganovel.Hesays:that'sallright.-----Hesaysthat'sallright.②如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShesaid:Iamastudent.-------Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)Shesaid：Hewillgotoseehisfriend-----Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.(一般将来时变成过去将来时)Tomsaid:Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.”老师说：“你们干得很不错。”TheteachersaidweweredoingOK.老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.Iaskedher,“Wherehaveyouspentyourholiday?”我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”Iaskedherwhereshehadspentherholiday.我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）Shesaid,“IwenttoShanghai.”她说：“我去过上海。”ShesaidthatshehadgonetoShanghai.她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyworkbefore10o’clock.”他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhisworkbefore10o’clock..他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变1.直接引语是客观真理。Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.------Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.2.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid:IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcamein.----JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcamein.3.直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。Jacksaid:IwasbornonApril21,1980--------JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.4.直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。Hesaid:Igetupatsixeverymorning.-----Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。Thedoctorsaid,Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.-----ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.（三）如何变状语。时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”直接引语间接引语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thisevening今晚thatevening那天晚上yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天yesterdaymorning昨天上午themorningbefore前一天上午lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上twodaysago两天前twodaysbefore两天前nextweek下周thenextweek/thefollowingweek第二周tomorrow明天thenextday/thefollowingday第二天thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前thedayaftertomorrow后天intwodays`time/twodaysafter两天后地点状语here变为there“We’llleaveheretomorrow,”hesaid.他说：“我们明天离开这里。”Hesaidthattheywouldleavetherethenextday.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：this-----that,these-----thoseHesaid:Thisbookismine.----Hesaidthatbookwashis.动词come变成go（四）如何变换句型1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：Hesaid,“I'mhappy.”-------Hesaid（that）hewashappy.2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：Heaskedme,“DoeshisfatherknowMrGreen?”---HeaskedmeifhisfatherknewMrGreen.3.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,where,how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：Heaskedme,“WhereisMrWang?”---HeaskedmewhereMrWangwas.（注：Heaskedme,“Whichisthebest?Sheaskedme:Whatisintheclassroom?4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为tell,ask,ordersb(not)todosth句型，表示命令。如：Don'tmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.------Theteachertoldthestudentsnottomakeanynoise.Openthedoor,please,shesaid.----Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.5.直接引语如果是Let's开头的祈使句，变为用“suggest+doing或+从句。如：Hesaid:Let'sgotothemovies.-----Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.练习一：1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictionarytoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled习题（二）1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherh